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EN
The Author presents in this article the orgin and history of the culture-fair intelligence tests and theoretical foundations they are based on. The results of the world's studies includingthe Polish ones on the reliability and validity of such test as: R. B. Cattell's Culture Fair Intelligence Test, Scale 1, R. B. Cattell CultureFair Intelligence Test, Scale 2 and 3, J. C. Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices and Standard Progressive Matrices, Florence Goodenough and D. B. Harris: Draw-a-Man Test and some others are presented. The author argues that "culture-fair" tests should rather be called "culture-reduced" since they are not tests that are free of cultural conditionment. There are no such tests. The tests under consideration minimalize to a greater or lesser degree the influence of certain cultural factors. While estimating the value of particular kinds of culture-reduced intelligence tests, attention should be given not only to their reliability and validity, but also cultural variables that have been minimalized and to the degree their influence have been minimalized by an appropriate construction.
PL
Celem badań przedstawionych w tym artykule było porównanie cech osobowości 8–12-letnich dzieci żyjących w różnych warunkach socjokulturowych. Porównano wyniki badań prowadzonych w roku 1964 i 2006. Hipoteza badawcza zakładała występowanie różnic między osobowością dzieci żyjących współcześnie, czyli na początku XXI w. i w latach 60. XX wieku. Zastosowaną techniką badawczą był 14-czynnikowy Kwestionariusz Osobowości Portera i Cattella w polskim przekładzie Kostrzewskiego. W 1964 r. zbadano 500 dzieci, zaś w 2006 – 772. Wyniki badań ujawniły wiele istotnych różnic w nasileniu mierzonych cech osobowości między dwiema grupami dzieci żyjących w różnych warunkach socjokulturowych. Sformułowana na wstępie hipoteza badawcza potwierdziła się. Najogólniej charakter występujących różnic można przedstawić następująco: współcześnie żyjące dzieci są mniej dojrzałe emocjonalnie, zaś bardziej dojrzałe intelektualnie.
EN
The aim of the study presented in this article was to compare the personality traits of children aged 8–12 who were raised in different sociocultural conditions. The findings of the research conducted in 1964 and 2006 were compared. The research hypothesis assumed differences between the personality of children living now, i.e. at the beginning of the 21st century, and in the sixties of the 20th c entury. T he 14 f actor C hildren’s P ersonality Q uestionnaire d esigned by Porter a nd C attell (a Polish adapted version made by Kostrzewski) was used in this study. In 1964, 500 children took part in the study, and in 2006 – 772. The results of this study show many significant differences in personality traits between the two groups of children living in different sociocultural conditions. The research hypothesis formulated at the beginning proved correct. The general conclusion is as follows: children who live now are less emotionally mature but more intellectually mature.
PL
Celem badań było określenie, czy występują istotne różnice i jakiego są one rodzaju między dziećmi z lekką niepełnosprawnością intelektualną a ich rówieśnikami o prawidłowym rozwoju pod względem nasilenia cech osobowości. Zbadano 279 dzieci w wieku 10-13 lat: 92 dziewczynki z lekką niepełnosprawnością intelektualną i 87 ich rówieśniczek o prawidłowym rozwoju oraz 50 chłopców z lekką niepełnosprawnością intelektualną i 50 chłopców o prawidłowym rozwoju. Do badań zastosowano 14-czynnikowy Kwestionariusz Osobowości R. B. Portera i R. B. Cattella. Wyniki badań ujawniły, iż dzieci niepełnosprawne intelektualnie charakteryzuje mniejszy poziom integracji osobowości, bardziej obniżone samopoczucie, mniejsze poczucie przystosowania do rzeczywistości, mniejsza dojrzałość emocjonalna oraz większa wrażliwość, poszanowanie zasad moralnych i innych ludzi.
EN
The present study examined differences between the mild mental retarded children and their normally developing peers in regard personality traits measured by Children's Personality Questionaire (the CPQ) designed by Porter and Cattell. The research was carried out on the group of 279 children aged 10-, 13-year old involving 92 mild mental retarded girls, 87 normally developing girls, 50 mild mental retarded boys, 50 typically developing boys. The results of this study revealed out, that mild mental retarded children characterize lower level of personality integration, more depressed, lower sense of adjustment to environment and emotional maturity, more simple-mindedness, sensibility, respect the moral norms and other people.
PL
Personality traits of 10–12-year old children and their intelligence measured by WISC-R This paper presents the correlations between the personality traits 10–12-year old childrens measured by Children’s Personality Questionaire (The CPQ) designed by Porter nad Cattell, and intelligence measured by Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – Revised (WISC-R). The investigations were carried out on the group of 160 children, aged 10–12-year old involving 77 girls and 83 boys. The investigations revealed out, that the children with higher IQ’s in full, verbal and performance scale showed high mental capacity, better morale, more persistence and greater strength of school interests. They are emotionally more mature, stable, adjust to facts, do not get into difficulties, are more complacent self-confident, resilient, cheerful, happy-go-lucky, frank, expressive, quick and alert, persevering, responsible, consistently ordered, conscientious, attentive to people and rules, self-controled, striving to accept approval ethical standards, ambitious to do well, considerate of others, foresighted, disposed to reduce and control expressions of emotion, they were low ergic tension, composed and relaxed.  
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