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EN
The article offers a preliminary investigation into the process of the reception of grounded theory methodology in Poland, with the special consideration of perspectives proposed by three sociologists in particular, namely Professor Krzysztof Konecki, Professor Marek Gorzko, and Professor Elżbieta Zakrzewska-Manterys. The interviews with the said researchers referred to the beginnings of their research (inspirations, mentors, the environment), the diagnosis with regard to the current state of affairs (environmental issues, the level of research conducted according to GTM, thematic gaps), and predictions (directions of further development, important perspectives). In reference to the processual dimension of the GTM reception, questions were raised as to both past and future challenges faced by GTM practitioners, the evolution of their approach to the GTM principles and strategies, as well as turning points in the sociologists’ research work. As it turns out, the community dealing with GTM in Poland does not constitute a social world, nor is it a nationwide environment. Rather, it consists of a tight group focused around Professor Konecki on the one hand, and individual researchers from other academic centers on the other.
PL
W artykule podjęto próbę wstępnego prześledzenia procesu recepcji metodologii teorii ugruntowanej w Polsce, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem perspektyw trojga socjologów: prof. Krzysztofa Koneckiego, prof. Marka Gorzki i prof. Elżbiety Zakrzewskiej-Manterys. W wywiadach z wyżej wymienionymi badaczami odnoszono się do początków pracy (inspiracje, mentorzy i środowisko), stawiano diagnozę co do stanu obecnego (kwestie środowiskowe, poziom prowadzonych według MTU badań, luki tematyczne) oraz przewidywań (kierunki rozwoju, ważne perspektywy). W odniesieniu do wymiaru procesualnego recepcji poruszono kwestię wyzwań stających w przeszłości i obecnie na drodze praktyków MTU, ewolucji podejścia do jej zasad i strategii, a także punktów zwrotnych w pracy badawczej. Jak się okazuje, zbiorowość zajmująca się MTU w Polsce nie jest społecznym światem ani ogólnokrajowym środowiskiem; składa się raczej z silnej grupy wokół profesora Koneckiego oraz indywidualnych badaczy z innych ośrodków.
EN
The authors consider symbolic interactionism to be a suitable theoretical framework to analyze projects in creative sectors because it affords ample space for individual and collective creativity. Furthermore, teams working on different cultural artifacts establish a negotiated order (interactionist term coined by A. L. Strauss) among artists, managers, the audience, and sponsors, et cetera, by discussing and translating various meanings and perspectives. This is especially noticeable when projects are managed using an agile methodology. The application of agile methodologies in creative sectors is a relatively new idea, although it seems to be in harmony with the nature of artistic work. For instance, it implies the acceptance of unpredictability and flexibility while also recognizing the ability and individuality of project participants. There are also specific problems related to the personalities of the artists and the irregularities and discontinuities inherent in the process of creation. The first part of the article raises the topic of creativity in symbolic interactionism. This perspective is subsequently extended to teamwork in creative sectors employing the description of collective work in Howard Becker’s book entitled Art Worlds as an example. The authors reflect on other contemporary works explaining the cultural shift transpiring during the move from the analog age to the current digital age and its influence on the process of creation in the world of artists. This leads to a discussion of distributed agility, a concept stemming from agile management. The various agile methods are mentioned and shortly characterized; we also present a succinct depiction of historical perspective. The literature on the use of agile methods in creative sectors is referred to along with some of the challenges they face. The need to develop an agile management methodology specifically for creative industries is emphasized. This article utilizes the literature on symbolic interactionism to explain group dynamics by drawing analogies with agile management.
PL
Pojęcie „społeczna odpowiedzialność muzeów” implikuje różne skojarzenia, najczęściej odwołujące się do sfery zarządzania i działalności podmiotów komercyjnych zgodnie z normą ISO 26000. W artykule relacjonujemy część zadań wykonanych w związku z projektem ulokowanym w dyscyplinie socjologii, podejmującym temat społecznej odpowiedzialności publicznych instytucji kultury, jakimi są muzea. Ponieważ ta koncepcja jest stosunkowo nowa, postanowiłyśmy sprawdzić, jak jest rozumiana w społecznym świecie polskich muzealników. Badania zostały zatem przeprowadzone z wykorzystaniem elementów metodologii teorii ugruntowanej – m.in. pojęcia (kategorie) nie były definiowane na początku, ale dookreślane i charakteryzowane w toku badań, zgodnie z rozumieniem respondentów. Stosując triangulację metod, przeprowadzono analizę danych zastanych, pogłębione wywiady indywidualne w polskich muzeach (IDI) oraz wywiady fokusowe (FGI) w grupach polskich i międzynarodowych. Szczególnie interesującym wątkiem projektu była edukacja muzealna i jej rosnące znaczenie. Artykuł dotyczy głównie przeprowadzonych badań fokusowych (FGI). Swoisty komentarz do wniosków stanowią refleksje wygłoszone podczas gościnnego wykładu dr Bernadette Lynch zorganizowanego w ramach projektu.
EN
The Erasmus Programme was officially introduced in 1987 despite the discontent of some member states which had their own solutions in the field of educational exchange. Instead, the new programme was supposed to achieve certain far- reaching goals which exceeded the interests of particular countries. Achieving the goals of the program involved some difficulties because the process initiated by the student exchange program last several years and should be consistent with changes taking place at that time in the field of education. Furthermore, the overall objectives should harmonize with the interests of individual institutions and, above all, the plans of individual students. This study analysed the experiences of 21 Polish students who spent their Erasmus scholarship in Portugal. While the authors concentrated on the specifics of this given location, it did not constitute their only point of attention. The authors analyzed the students’ expectations, comparing them later with their evaluation of the benefits that emerged from their stay. The main question was whether the effects noted by the students corresponded with the intentions of the creators of the programme. They proved to be quite consistent, with some exceptions such as the opportunity to participate in classes in languages other than Portuguese.
EN
Since the publication of Barney Glaser and Anselm L. Strauss’ major work, the principles of the authors’ methodology have been used in hundreds of research projects and tested in various field situations. A lively debate taking place among practitioners has revealed a variety of their worldviews, stances, and assumptions that underlie research ventures. It is these factors among other things that led to the emergence of different variants of grounded theory methodology. Today, half a century after the publication of the said work, people beginning their adventure with GTM can – and should – make an informed decision as to the type of GTM that they prefer to use. One obvious advantage of this situation is the fact that many field dilemmas have already been articulated in the source literature, which is why one does not have to confront them in the field on their own. The richness and diversity also applies to substantive areas; the usefulness of GTM is being discovered by researchers of various backgrounds and provenances. Apparently, general interest in methodology is not waning. The volume herein presents some of the questions and matters that are the subject of animated discussions among those researchers who are inspired by the aforementioned perspective.
PL
Od momentu ukazania się publikacji B. Glasera i A. L. Straussa zasady ich metodologii wykorzystano w setkach projektów badawczych, przetestowano w rozmaitych sytuacjach w terenie. Prowadzona wśród praktyków ożywiona debata ujawniła rozmaitość ich światopoglądów i założeń leżących u podstaw badawczych przedsięwzięć. Między innymi te czynniki doprowadziły do wyłonienia się różnych odmian metodologii teorii ugruntowanej. Dziś, pół wieku od momentu opublikowania dzieła, osoby rozpoczynające przygodę z MTU mogą i muszą podjąć świadomą decyzję preferowanego kierunku. Niewątpliwą zaletą tej sytuacji jest to, że wiele dylematów terenowych zostało już wyartykułowanych w literaturze i nie trzeba się z nimi mierzyć samotnie w terenie. Bogactwo i zróżnicowanie dotyczy także obszarów rzeczowych – przydatność MTU jest odkrywana wśród badaczy rozmaitych proweniencji. Najwyraźniej zainteresowanie metodologią nie słabnie; przekazywany do rąk Czytelników tom prezentuje niektóre przedmioty debaty żywotne wśród badaczy inspirujących się wspomnianą perspektywą.
EN
The term ‘social responsibility of museums’ implies various associations, most frequently referring to the sphere of management and the activities of commercial entities in accordance with the ISO 26000 standard. In this article, we report on some of the tasks performed in connection with a project based on a sociological perspective and addressing the social responsibility of public cultural institutions such as museums. As this concept is relatively new, we decided to check how it is understood in the social world of Polish museum professionals. The research was therefore carried out using elements of the grounded theory methodology, i.e., the concepts (categories) were not defined at the outset, but defined and characterised in the course of the research according to the understanding of the respondents. Using a triangulation of methods, an analysis of found data, individual interviews in Polish museums (IDI) and focus group interviews (FGI) in Polish and international groups were conducted. A particularly interesting strand of the Project was museum education and its growing importance. This article focuses on the conducted focus group interviews (FGI). A specific commentary on the findings is provided by the reflections given during a guest lecture by Dr Bernadette Lynch organised as part of the Project.
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