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1
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Analiza porównawcza służby cywilnej w Polsce i w instytucjach Unii Europejskiej (stan prawny – grudzień 2008 rok)

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Jurga-Wosik E.
Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne
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2008
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issue 2
315-336
EN
The civil services in Poland and EU institutions undergo similar processes. France (at the time of the 3rd Republic) was the cradle of civil service, therefore the administrative systems ofWestern Europe (and others) have sought examples there. The Polish model of civil service can be described as a mixed one, with the prevalence of regulations typical of a career model. In the career model the state is the master that employs a servant. Similar solutions are applied in France, Germany and Austria. They have been modified for the purpose of the specific functions which the civil service performs in EU institutions (a so-called closed career model). In the position system, particular authority is granted the civil servant’s employer rather than the state as a whole. A civil servant is employed in a particular position rather then in the civil service ‘in general’. The stability of employment and guarantee of remuneration are lower. The UK, Nordic countries and Italy apply solutions that are similar to this model.
2
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Strukturalne i jakościowe przemiany w mediach lokalnych

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Jurga-Wosik E.
Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne
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2016
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issue 4
125-144
EN
Local media deserve attention due to their thematic proximity to the audience. Typically, there are four primary formats of the local media: traditional printed press, local radio, local television and online portals. Local media often prevail quantitatively in different national media systems (for instance: traditional printed press: Poland – 2,000–2,500 titles, Germany – 1,500 titles; digitalized local press: Portugal – 170 titles) playing a significant role in the life of respective societies. Empirical studies conducted by Anna Przybylska show that being in regular contact with local media has a positive influence on people’s attachment to their place of residence and social commitment of residents. The objective of this paper is to address the problems Polish local media face and the directions of their development. The research hypothesis here is as follows: the transformations of Polish local media pertain to structure and quality. Therefore, both journalistic  working styles and the content of the local press are evolving. One of the primary triggers of these changes involves the dynamic advancement of technology. This raises the question about the direction of these transformations and their aftermath, as well as what new quality in local journalism they bring about.
PL
Zwrócenie uwagi na media lokalne jest ważne z powodu ich tematycznej bliskości z odbiorcą. Występują najczęściej w czterech głównych typach formatu: tradycyjna prasa drukowana, radio lokalne, telewizja lokalna i ortale internetowe. Przeważają ilościowo w wielu systemach medialnych państw (np. tradycyjna prasa drukowana: w Polsce 2000–2500 tytułów, Niemczech – 1500; np. lokalna prasa w wydaniu cyfrowym: Portugalia – 170 tytułów) odgrywając przy tym istotną rolę w życiu społeczeństw. Z empirycznych badań Anny Przybylskiej wynika, iż regularny kontakt z mediami lokalnymi wpływa pozytywnie na przywiązanie do miejsca zamieszkania i zaangażowanie społeczne mieszkańców. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie problemów, na jakie napotykają polskie media lokalne i kierunków ich rozwoju. Hipoteza badawcza brzmi – przemiany w polskich mediach lokalnych dotyczą zmian strukturalnych i jakościowych. Zmienia się zatem i warsztat dziennikarza, jak i zawartość prasy lokalnej. Jedną z głównych przyczyn tych zmian jest dynamiczny rozwój technologii. Stąd można zadać pytanie o kierunek tych przekształceń i jakie skutki za sobą pociągają, i wreszcie jaką nową jakość w dziennikarstwie lokalnym wprowadzają.
3
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Sportowe pasje kobiet. Przyczynek do jakościowych badań nad zawartością treści w prasie regionalnej i lokalnej Wielkopolski oraz jej pogranicza

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Jurga-Wosik E.
Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne
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2013
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issue 1
329-356
EN
Studies into the content of the local and regional press expand our knowledge about the life of local communities. The author limits herself to studying the narrow issue of women’s sporting interests, whereby she analyzes their active (as athletes and trainers) and passive (administering various sports, as fans) participation in amateur and professional sport. The paper also indicates which factors are decisive for the domination of a given sport in a region and considers to what extent the picture presented is true, reflects reality and exhausts all aspects of women’s interest in sport. The way in which press materials are presented is also interesting and confirms the observation that local and regional media have become tabloidized to a greater or lesser degree (depending on the type of periodical). The qualitative study has shown that women’s need to practice sport is not only an expression of their emancipation, a development of their skills, and a desire to break records, but at present it has primarily become a way of living a ‘healthy life’. The local and regional press fulfill two roles in this regard: they provide a wider presentation of professional and amateur sport and, to a lesser degree, persuade their readers to practice sport themselves (propagating a ‘healthy lifestyle’ accounts for an average of two articles out of eighteen qualified as ‘sport articles’). The research field encompassed a wide range of female sporting passions, while the examples discussed confirm that women live active lives.
4
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Służba cywilna w Polsce. Kierunki zmian

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Jurga-Wosik E.
Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne
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2010
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issue 2
93-108
EN
The civil service in Poland lacks legal and institutional continuity. Four laws regarding the civil service have been enacted over the past twelve years which have made different provisions concerning, for example, the body in charge of the civil service (The Civil Service Supervisor or the Head of the Chancellery of the Prime Minister) and handling its matters (The Civil Service Office of the Chancellery of the Prime Minister), the status of higher posts (in the civil service and outside of it) and the manner of manning such posts (contests, appointments, enrollment). The act on the civil service of 2008 introduced a range of instruments to provide for consistent operations and, consequently, stability of human resource management. It should be emphasized that at present the challenge concerning the civil service is to prepare it for the tasks to be fulfilled while Poland holds the presidency of the Council of the European Union. Providing training and applying various methods to develop civil servants’ competence as well as adopting European models are a chance to increase the quality of civil service operations.
5
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Unia Europejska na łamach drukowanej prasy lokalnej

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Jurga-Wosik E.
Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne
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2008
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issue 1
151-164
EN
The first publications concerning the European Union appeared in the local press in the early 1990s. These messages were concealed, i.e. they did not provide direct information about the functioning of the EU. The political campaign to saturate local press with EU news commenced when Polish cities and towns commonly began to declare collaboration with the cities and towns in EU member states (‘partner cities’ or ‘twin towns’). Direct announcements concerning the EU appeared in the late 1990s. The significance of this information was growing (that is a quantitative and qualitative increase of such releases in the press) as the negotiations on Poland’s accession to the EU progressed.
6
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Prasa lokalna w leszczyńskim regionie wydawniczym. Przyczynek do badań nad zawartością treści w kontekście sportowych wydarzeń medialnych, ze szczególnym udziałem kobiet

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Jurga-Wosik E.
Przegląd Politologiczny
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2013
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issue 1
159-170
EN
The analysis of the content of Wielkopolska periodicals in the period from 1989 to 2011 indicates that female issues comprised two currents. One presented the historical and modern image of women, while the other discussed female issues in the context of political, economic and social events. In the first decade following the transformation the regional and local press confirmed the presence of the stereotype of female roles, but studies carried out in 2011 indicated that male and female roles were unified in numerous aspects of everyday life. This paper aims to deepen the issue previously discussed by the author, but only in the context of the qualitative changes that have occurred in the presentation of sports releases, focusing on sports events involving women in particular. To this end Wielkopolska local and regional newspapers, and local newspapers from the Leszno region (south-western part of Wielkopolska, the northern part of Lower Silesia and the south-eastern part of Lubuskie) in 1989–2012 were analyzed.
7
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Polityka informacyjna i dostęp do dokumentów w instytucjach Unii Europejskiej

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Jurga-Wosik E.
Przegląd Politologiczny
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2012
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issue 4
153-170
EN
The issue of access to information and documents concerning the functioning of European Union institutions is extensive and complex. It encompasses all activities to promote or pro- vide citizens with information on the operation of European Union institutions, and in particu- lar the access to European Union materials, which is regulated by numerous separate provisions. The most important ones involve the principles behind the publishing of EU mate- rials and legal regulations on access to documents that have not been published and those sent to the archives. Consequently, there are separate regulations on information policy and the right to access documents. The author counterpoints the legal foundations for access to EU documents with the practical execution of this right and fulfillment of the provisions of EU in- formation policy.
8
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Dwie dekady przeobrażeń mediów lokalnych południowo-zachodniej Wielkopolski

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Jurga-Wosik E.
Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne
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2012
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issue 1
295-320
EN
The Republic of Poland is assumed to have been born in 1989, which also marks the beginning of the transformations in the Polish media market. After twenty years some conclusions on the directions of the development of the media can be reached. The field of research discussed in this paper involves the media of south-and-east Wielkopolska and adjacent districts, connected with Wielkopolska in historical, cultural and economic terms. The results of this research attempt to present a systemic description of the local media, including their emergence, development and evolution. The discussion encompasses the legal, political, organizational, technical, and economic conditions for issuing and propagating the media. Given the diversified typology of the media in the region under analysis, the specificity of local mass media is confirmed.
9
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Journalistic role performance in Poland

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Stępińska A., Jurga-Wosik E., Adamczewska K., Secler B., Narożna D.
Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne
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2016
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issue 2
37-51
EN
Several research projects in the last decade have been devoted to studying professional role perception among Polish journalists. Still less is known about how different ideals of professional roles affect journalistic role performance. This paper aims to present the findings of the content analysis of 1,130 news stories published in four Polish newspapers in 2012 and 2013. The study was a part of the international research project: Journalistic Role Performance Around the Globe (led by Prof. Claudia Mellado from Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, in Chile and Lea Hellmueller, from Texas States University, www.journalisticperformance.org). The results indicate that the watchdog model is most commonly used in the Polish press, followed by the infotainment and civic models. However, the findings of the content analysis primarily support the general observation on the political orientations of the Polish newspapers and political parallelism of the Polish media system.
10
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Postawy polskich dziennikarzy wobec aktorów politycznych: badania empiryczne

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Stępińska A., Jurga-Wosik E., Adamczewska K., Secler B., Narożna D.
Przegląd Politologiczny
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2017
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issue 1
127-142
EN
The aim of the paper is to compare the findings of selected surveys conducted among Polish journalists with the findings of a newspaper content analysis. The findings of the surveys showed differences between different generations of journalists. Specifically, those who entered the profession right after the political transition in the early 1990s seem more interested in playing the role of watchdog than those who have recently graduated from universities. Although the youngest generation of Polish journalists believes that the media should monitor political actors, they do not seem very interested in playing that role. The findings of the content analysis showed that Polish journalists pay significant attention to monitoring the policy and performance of political actors. The study supports previous observations on the high level of political parallelism of the Polish media system.
PL
Celem artykułu jest zestawienie postaw polskich dziennikarzy wobec aktorów politycznych deklarowanych w ankietach (role perception) z faktycznymi działaniami podejmowanymi przez dziennikarzy wobec polityków w przygotowywanych przez nich materiałach informacyjnych (role performance). Wyniki badań ankietowych ujawniają istotne różnice pomiędzy poszczególnymi pokoleniami polskich dziennikarzy. Z rolą watchodoga utożsamia się przede wszystkim pokolenie podejmujące pracę w okresie zmiany ustrojowej, podczas gdy najmłodsze pokolenie – choć uważa tę rolę mediów za ważną – samo nie jest zainteresowane jej pełnieniem. Analiza zawartości mediów potwierdza dużą wagę przywiązywaną przez polskich dziennikarzy do monitorowania działalności prowadzonej przez aktorów politycznych. Badania dostarczają jednocześnie danych potwierdzających wysoki poziom paralelizmu politycznego polskiego systemu medialnego.
11
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Model dziennikarstwa zorientowany na obywateli w perspektywie paradygmatu społecznej odpowiedzialności mediów. Przykład prasy w Polsce

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Secler B., Stępińska A., Jurga-Wosik E., Narożna D., Adamczewska K.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
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2016
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vol. 32
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issue 2
167-185
EN
This paper aims to present a theoretically-empirical reflection on the citizen-oriented model of journalism developed from the social responsibility of the media paradigm. The main indicator of that model is the significant attention paid by journalists to the current perspective of the citizens (in terms of their expectations, demands, actions), to educate citizens about their rights and obligations, as well as to encourage people to actively participate in public debate. The study was conducted under the framework of the international comparative project “Journalistic Role Performance Around the Globe”, launched and coordinated by C. Mellado and L. Hellmueller from Texas State University, USA (www.journalisticperformance.org). The results of empirical research (an analysis of the contents of four Polish daily newspapers) revealed that Polish journalism insufficiently incorporates the model of civic service, one of whose most rudimentary aims is the support, education and representation of the citizens’ interests.
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