In our work we analyse Paris climate agreement in the context of the level of its implementation to practical life. As an input data we use an annual quantity of territorial CO2 emissions and CO2 emissions per capita in selected countries between years 2015 ‒2019. This data should illustrate the actual level of implementation success of Paris agreement. We work with hypothesis, that the Paris agreement is not suitable to solve the problematic of global warming, because of absence of sanction mechanism and concrete measures. Our aim is to confirm/refute our hypothesis. During the writing we use analytic, deductive, descriptive, and comparative method.
This work analyses a conflict between Spain and its autonomous region of Catalonia. We appeal to context of phenomenon of identity borders and emotional bordering, with using a border study methodology. The article characterizes signs and symbols - both tangible and intangible - on the basis of which the Catalans identify them as a nation with ambitions to have their own state or to federalize the Kingdom of Spain. The work also describes historical and current context of struggle between Madrid and Barcelona (economical, political, and cultural). In the last part we accentuate four scenarios of potential evolution of relations between Spain and Catalonia.
The article presents an overview of theoretical knowledge on cross-border public services, which represent a specific form of public services dealing with shared issues or development potentials of cross-border regions. In addition to the terminological definition and operationalization of cross-border public services, the article reviews obstacles to their implementation, as well as the good practice examples. Based on the ESPON analysis, it concludes with practical recommendations for regional, national and supranational stakeholders who are capable to facilitate the development of cross-border public services.
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