This paper describes three internet dictionaries of phrasemes of the recent years – two monolingual dictionaries of German (Redensarten-Index) and Polish (Wielki słownik frazeologiczny) and one bilingual German-Polish dictionary (Niemiecko-Polski Słownik Frazeologizmów on-line). An analysis of their structure, arrangement, lexicographic entries, other functional aspects and a comparison to the traditional book dictionaries show that the new medium has a lot of advantages. The online phraseological dictionaries not only allow interactive participation of users, but also give the opportunity to update the data base every day as well. Moreover the space limit, which is a problem in printed dictionaries, does not concern electronic lexicography any more. Therefore the macro- and microstructure of the digital dictionaries can be more user friendly and various criteria can be used to look up the phrase. The author is convinced that the phraseological dictionaries are particularly suitable for online design.
Online customer reviews allow the users to share their opinion on a product with other shoppers. They express either satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the item as well as its strong and weak features. Henceforth the reviews are a valuable source of information about the community and its expectations. I have used the reviews of German-Polish and Polish-German dictionaries from online bookshops to investigate the information conveyed in the dictionaries as well as their structure and functions. Who are the users of bilingual dictionaries and what are their expectations? Which lexicographic aspects are important to them, which less so? How do the investigated dictionaries fulfil the expectations of their users?
The paper examines the acquaintance with chosen on-line dictionary types among students of German studies. It is essential to answer the questions: Do the students use digital dictionaries in case of communi-cative difficulties in a foreign language? In which circumstances? Which ones do they prefer and why, especially whether they choose paper or electronic dictionaries and which devices they use to access the lexicographic information? Which features of dictionaries and what aspects of lexicographic structures are important for users? And finally whether the metalexicographic knowledge taught in linguistics courses improves the lexicographic competence of students. The results of the study confirm that on-line dictionaries, especially the bilingual pons.eu and the monolingual duden.de are popular and preferred by students. Quick and easy searching as well as wide range of entries and satisfying information per lemma are important criteria when using a dictionary. The typical context of dictionary use is translation and preparing for oral or written activities, therefore the users look mostly for the meaning and equivalences of lexemes, synonyms, and usage labels. While the respondents without any metalexicographic education believe that they are competent dictionary users, the students who have attended different courses with lexicographic focus revise their opinions. They appreciate the role of such courses in improving their lexicographic skills, especially if both the theory and practice of dictionary usage have been taught.
Word groups used in specialist terminology and their presentation in specialized dictionaries are the subject of this paper. It provides an overview of the main aims of technical dictionaries – especially those which deal with automotive vocabulary, their users as well as various approaches to dealing with multiword terms in lexicographical practice. The author discusses how specialized collocations and terminological units are treated in paper and online dictionaries and how they should be. This problem seems to be important for a broad range of dictionary users – not only engineers and technicians, but also common owners of technical facilities who often talk about specialist topics in foreign languages.
This paper deals with the lexicographic description of phraseologic units in online dictionaries. Bilingual electronic dictionaries are not limited by space capacity, unlike paper dictionaries. Besides they offer the possibility of searching, selecting, and complementing lexicographic data in several ways, linking to other information sources such as electronic corpora. These factors influence the lonna! of the presentation of phrasemes and remove many problems with multiword expressions, which print dictionaries have to tackle. The discussion first involves the selection of phrasemes. IImakes sense to find fixed expressions useful for foreign language learners and distinguish between the ones relevant for the active usage and those for the reception. It could be taken into account by lexicographers to lemmatise phrasemes both as headwords of their own as well as under each component, as a part of their microstructure. The second question is what is the appropriate citation fonn to be entered. The current lexicographic practice tends to lemmatise vernal phrases in the infinitive fonn, however this may be confusing because of several morphological and syntactic restrictions. Therefore it seems mora adequate if verllal phrases occur in the fonn indicating the slots in the valency like jd. zieht jdn. Ober den Tisch. On the other hand the citation fonn should indicate grammatical, lexical and pragmatic variation by the means of typography and proper examples, e.g. from a corpus. Obligatory, facultative, and alternative components should be marked as well. The different lexicographic practices were discussed on the example of phrasemes with the component Tisch from bilingual Gennan-Polish dictionaries such as Pons, Leo, Bab.la, and Glosbe as well as two phraseologic dictionaries.
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