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EN
The purpose of this paper is to critically review some of the main theoretical tenets in Ezequiel Martínez Estrada’s pessimistic stance about the Argentinean history and society of his time. Focusing on his critical remarks about the so-called «literatura o poesía gauchesca» as well as on his enthusiastic assessment of José Hernández’ Martín Fierro, the achievements and missing points in Martínez Estrada’s skeptical diagnosis will be underlined and put in broader philosophical context. For the Argentinean writer the controversial notion of a “superimposed reality” – as he infers its existence from the Martín Fierro – captures a kind of ambivalent metaphysical concurrence among the literary creation, the geographical setting and the sociopolitical state of the country.
EN
Adopting as main conceptual framework the proposals of the important thinker and poet from Martinica, Édouard Glissant (1928-2011), about a “poetics of relation”, the article considers the way in which a significant part of the contemporary Spanish speaking literary creation - precisely in virtue of its hybrid or mixed cultural nature - is a good example of the fertility of Glissant’s “poetics of relation” - in which other key concepts of Glissant’s theoretical point of view, like the “archipelagic thought” and the “Whole-World”, are included. Thus, the convergence between certain theoretical perspectives rooted in the francophone Caribbean context and similar intuitions literary developed in the Hispanic American region is highlighted.
ES
Concentrated on four short novels by the prominent Mexican modernist writer Amado Nervo (1870–1919), namely, El donador de almas (1899), Mencía (1907), El sexto sentido (1913) and Amnesia (1918), this article argues that Nervo uses the fear sentiment in a subtle and quiet way, but nonetheless effective in its purpose of generating an atmosphere of unrest and mystery. Although Nervo’s stories show similitude with those of, for instance, R. Darío and L. Lugones, through a skilful use of dark humor, ironic distance and moderate skepticism, the author creates a disturbing and mysterious world very much of his own. In this article, Nervo’s fantastic texts are also viewed in the context of the rich Spanish American Modernist movement. Key words: Mexican Literature, Fantastic Literature, Spanish-American Short Novel, Spanish-American Modernism.
ES
Focused on the broad topic of national identity, the main purpose of this article is to expose the significant change suffered by that concept in the modern Antillean‑Caribbean essay‑writing. Departing from a stark pessimistic viewpoint represented in influential works by the Puerto Rican writers and intellectuals Antonio S. Pedreira, René Márquez and José. L. González, a more moderate, cautiously optimistic perspective has been put forward more recently by Antonio Benítez Rojo and Édouard Glissant. The main difference between the two positions is the replacement, in the second one, of a concern with essentialism by a more open and cosmopolitan instance centered on a pan‑Caribbean multicultural experience. Key words: national identity, essentialism, creolization, Antillean essay, Caribbean essay
EN
The purpose of this paper is to examine, with a text by Tomás Segovia serving as the basis for the analysis, some of the main features, both general and specific to the Spanish Mexican author, of essay writing. Firstly, a brief biographical sketch of Segovia is offered, followed by some comments on the nature of the essay as a literary form or genre. This is followed by a discussion of formal and thematic features of Segovia’s essay, “La palabra inobediente”, in which the combination of philosophical-literary elements, the sense of social responsibility, and the wandering, free character of the writing stands out.
ES
El objetivo de este trabajo es examinar, con base en un texto de Tomás Segovia, algunos rasgos primordiales, tanto generales como específicos en el autor hispano-mexicano, de la escritura ensayística. Primero, se ofrece una breve semblanza biográfica de Segovia; luego, se proporcionan algunos comentarios sobre la naturaleza del ensayo como forma o género literario. A continuación, se comentan rasgos formales y temáticos del ensayo segoviano, “La palabra inobediente”, en el que destaca la combinación de elementos filosófico-literarios, el sentido de responsabilidad social, y el carácter errante, libre, de la escritura.
PL
Celem pracy jest omówienie natury eseju jako gatunku literackiego. Autor prezentuje ważne opinie pisarzy, przede wszystkim hiszpańskich i iberoamerykańskich (eseistów, powieściopisarzy i poetów, jak na przykład E. Martínez Estrada, M. Picón Salas, O. Paz i B. Matamoro). Z drugiej strony autor odnosi owe opinie do szerszego problemu: eseistyki jako wyrazu kultury i nowoczesności. Opierając się na ważnych współczesnych intelektualistach i filozofach, takich jak P. Cerezo, F. Jarauta i P. Aullón de Haro, autor podkreśla ścisły związek między formą eseju i złożonymi, sprzecznymi celami i treściami, które stanowią ducha nowoczesności.
EN
In La novela luminosa (2005), the last great narrative project of Uruguayan Mario Levrero, an ambivalent relationship with the space of the everyday is exposed. Everyday life appears, in the first place, as a disturbing dimension that reminds the protagonist of his finitude, that is, his precarious state, both economically and in terms of physical-psychic health. Secondly, however, it is these same unstable conditions of the everyday that also stimulate the feeling of ‘heroic’ resistance exhibited by the protagonist of the autofictional text. La novela luminosa thus pays an ambiguous homage – of acceptance and rejection at the same time – to a daily routine to which its author, on the threshold of old age and close to death, ends up clinging, in spite of everything and until the end, in order to leave testimony of his life as an author by means of a writing that ironizes his own status as a fragmented work.
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