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Szczepienia przeciwko grypie u personelu medycznego

100%
Nitsch-Osuch A., Brydak L. B.
Medycyna Pracy
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2013
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vol. 64
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issue 1
119-129
EN
Influenza is one of the most common respiratory diseases affecting people of all age groups all over the world. Seasonal influenza leads to substantial morbidity and mortality on a global scale. Vaccines are undeniably one of the most important health advances of the past century, however, managing influenza in working populations remains a difficult issue. Vaccination of health care workers (HCW) is an efficient way to reduce the risk of occupational infection and to prevent nosocomial transmission to vulnerable patients. Despite this, achieving high immunization rates among those professionals is a challenge. Knowledge and attitudes of healthcare providers have significant impact on the frequency with which vaccines are offered and accepted, but many HCWs are poorly equipped to make informed recommendations about vaccine merits and risks. Principal reasons for vaccination are the willing not to be infected and avoiding transmission to patients and the family. The main reasons for refusing is lack of time, a feeling of invulnerability to vaccination, conviction of not being at risk, of being too young or in good health. Misconceptions about influenza vaccine efficacy, like adverse effects, and fear of contracting illness from the vaccine are significantly associated with noncompliance with vaccination. Therefore, strategies to increase awareness of the importance of recommending influenza immunization among health professionals are required. Med Pr 2013;64(1):119–129
PL
Grypa jest jedną z częstszych infekcji dróg oddechowych, zachorowania na nią występują we wszystkich grupach wiekowych pacjentów na całym świecie. Liczba zachorowań na grypę sezonową i zgonów z powodu jej powikłań jest znaczna w skali globalnej. Szczepienia, również przeciwko grypie, są istotnym osiągnięciem medycyny ostatniego stulecia, jednak problemem pozostaje zwalczanie grypy za pomocą szczepień ochronnych wśród personelu medycznego. Szczepienie personelu medycznego jest procedurą o udowodnionym bezpieczeństwie i skuteczności, zapewnia zapobieganie zachorowaniom wśród pacjentów. Mimo licznych rekomendacji eksperckich stan zaszczepienia pracowników medycznych pozostaje niski. W celu zwiększenia liczby zaszczepionych pracowników medycznych konieczne jest prowadzenie kampanii edukacyjnych, które mają na celu polepszenie stanu wiedzy personelu na temat grypy, jej powikłań, szczepień przeciwko grypie, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem ich bezpieczeństwa i skuteczności. Szczepieni pracownicy najczęściej decyzję o wykonaniu szczepienia motywują chęcią ochrony siebie oraz chęcią ochrony przed zakażeniem swoich pacjentów i ich rodzin. Z kolei wśród przyczyn nieszczepienia wymieniane są: brak czasu, błędne przekonania o nieskuteczności szczepienia, brak potrzeby szczepienia z powodu bagatelizowania choroby i jej powikłań, obawa przez niepożądanymi odczynami poszczepiennymi. Konieczne jest wdrożenie strategii mających na celu edukację personelu medycznego w zakresie stosowania szczepień przeciwko grypie w celu zwiększenia wyszczepialności przeciwko grypie w populacji pracowników medycznych. Med. Pr. 2013;64(1):119–129
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Krztusiec jako choroba zakaźna pracowników ochrony zdrowia - przypadek kliniczny z komentarzem

81%
Kuchar E., Nitsch-Osuch A., Szenborn L.
Medycyna Pracy
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2013
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vol. 64
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issue 5
731-739
EN
We discuss the changing epidemiological situation of pertussis observed in recent years, with a focus on the shift of cases from young children to older age groups, teenagers and adults. Whooping cough may affect healthcare workers who belong to a high-risk group and cause hospital infections. We present a case report of pertussis in a nurse and the recommended prophylactic measures in healthcare workers. The current definition and diagnosis of pertussis is also discussed. The clinical course of pertussis can be significantly alleviated and highly non-specific, with no typical coughing and vomiting in people vaccinated against whooping cough a few years earlier. Pertussis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cough lasting more than fourteen days. Improvement of the epidemiological situation requires, besides immunization of infants, regular and universal booster immunization for adolescents and adults. Vaccinations for health care workers of neonatal and pediatric wards are recommended in the National Program of Immunization for 2013. It seems that booster vaccination of health care workers with a triple vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis (dTpa) of the reduced quantity of antigens, particularly of health workers caring for infants, children and the elderly, may be the most effective way to reduce the risk of pertussis transmission in the health care environment. Med Pr 2013;64(5):731–739
PL
W pracy omówiono zmieniającą się w ostatnich latach sytuację epidemiologiczną krztuśca ze zwróceniem uwagi na przeniesienie zachorowań z małych dzieci na starsze grupy wiekowe - młodzież i dorosłych. Zachorowania mogą dotyczyć pracowników ochrony zdrowia, którzy są grupą podwyższonego ryzyka, i mieć charakter zakażenia szpitalnego. W artykule przedstawiono przypadek kliniczny krztuśca u pielęgniarki oraz wskazano postępowanie profilaktyczne zalecane u pracowników służby zdrowia. Omówiono aktualną definicję i diagnostykę krztuśca. U osób szczepionych przed kilku laty przebieg kliniczny choroby może być znacznie złagodzony i bardzo niecharakterystyczny - bez typowego kaszlu i wymiotów. Krztusiec należy uwzględniać w diagnostyce różnicowej kaszlu utrzymującego się ponad 14 dni. Poprawa sytuacji epidemiologicznej wymaga, poza uodpornieniem niemowląt, powszechnych i regularnych szczepień przypominających młodzieży i dorosłych. W polskim Programie Szczepień Ochronnych na 2013 rok wprowadzono zalecenie szczepienia pracowników oddziałów noworodkowych i dziecięcych. Wydaje się, że szczepienia przypominające pracowników ochrony zdrowia potrójną szczepionką przeciwko błonicy, tężcowi i krztuścowi o zmniejszonej dawce antygenów (Diphteria, Tetanus and acellular Pertussis vaccine - dTpa) - zwłaszcza mających kontakt z niemowlętami, dziećmi i osobami starszymi - mogą być najbardziej skutecznym sposobem zmniejszenia ryzyka transmisji krztuśca w placówkach ochrony zdrowia. Med. Pr. 2013;64(5):731–739
3
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The impact of selected educational and information interventions on the coverage rate and attitudes to influenza vaccination in nursing staff

81%
Gołębiak I., Okręglicka K., Kanecki K., Nitsch-Osuch A.
Medycyna Pracy
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2020
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vol. 71
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issue 6
665-685
EN
BackgroundInfluenza vaccinations are recommended for medical staff as an effective and safe form of preventing influenza and its complications. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of selected educational and information interventions on the influenza vaccination coverage (IVC) in nursing personnel and their attitude towards this procedure.Material and MethodsThe study participants (N = 320) were randomly divided into 4 groups. Group 1 participated in stationary training, whereas group 2 participated in distance learning. Additionally, 2 subgroups were established in each of the groups above: 1 subgroup received a reminder about the vaccination in the form of a short text message, and the other group did not receive any such reminder. The IVC rate in each group was determined; the attitude towards influenza vaccination was measured using the health belief model.ResultsThe highest IVC was obtained after stationary training followed by a reminder in the form of a short test message (36%). The reminder significantly affected IVC in the group attending stationary training (p < 0.05, OR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.16–5.58); however, it had no impact on the IVC in the group participating in distance learning (p > 0.05, OR = 1.2, 95% CI: 0.51–2.83). Both stationary training and distance learning positively influenced the attitude towards influenza vaccinations. A major change in attitudes towards influenza vaccinations was observed only in the case of stationary training followed by a reminder in the form of a short text message (positive changes in perceived susceptibility and severity took place, perceived vaccination benefits increased, and perceived barriers were reduced).ConclusionsStationary training followed by a reminder in the form of a short text message is more effective in increasing the IVC rate compared to distance learning. It also promotes positive changes in attitudes to this prophylactic procedure, which is why it should be recommended for wider implementation.
4
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Knowledge about the COVID-19 and ways of its prevention among Medical University of Warsaw students

61%
Lewtak K., Poznańska A., Okręglicka K., Kanecki K., Bogdan M., Nitsch-Osuch A.
Medycyna Pracy
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2022
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vol. 73
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issue 5
369-381
EN
BackgroundThe aim of the study was to assess the state of knowledge of Medical University of Warsaw (MUW) students on COVID-19, modes of transmission and preventive measures.Material and MethodsThe study was conducted in October 2020. The participants were all the students attending classes at MUW – 8922 persons. All had completed the online training “Work safety and hygiene during COVID-19.” To assess their state of knowledge an online questionnaire was made available on the MUW e-learning platform. The questionnaire comprised 4 parts: (1) awareness of rules of hand hygiene, (2) medical aspects of COVID-19, (3) preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection transmission in health care facilities, and (4) preventing infection transmissions in the society.ResultsThe majority of students (93.9%) demonstrated a sufficient level of knowledge. The highest passing threshold was found on the medical programme (96.7% of students with satisfactory level of knowledge), dentistry (96.2%) and pharmacy (95.5%). The statistically significant factors that differentiated student results proved to be faculty (p < 0.001), study programme (p < 0.001), year of studies (p = 0.001), form of studies (p < 0.001). The participants most often showed full knowledge (100% correct answers in sub-area) of preventing infection transmissions in the society (93.3%) and medical aspects of COVID-19 (91.8%), less complete in terms of ways of preventing infection transmission in health care facilities (85.4%), and in particular hand hygiene rules (78.3%). All the variables characterizing academic status (study programme, faculty, year and form of studies) were statistically significant differentiating factors for students’ full knowledge in all of the 4 analyzed sub-areas, while students’ sex only in the sub-area of COVID-19 medical aspects.ConclusionsThere is a clear need for conducting systematic educational activities among students of all medical study programmes and assessing their level of knowledge in those areas that were identified as least frequently controlled, namely, hand hygiene and infection transmission in health care facilities.
5
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Healthcare professionals’ perspectives on the challenges in the vaccination of Ukrainian child migrants and war refugees: findings from a qualitative study in Poland

51%
Lewtak K., Nitsch-Osuch A., Dzielska A., Maciejewski T., Atif (Nurzynska) A., Sochoń-Latuszek A., Kukuła K., Kleszczewska D. W.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2024
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vol. 37
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issue 6
602-616
EN
Objectives The aim of this qualitative research study was to explore the barriers encountered by Ukrainian war migrants and refugees in accessing vaccinations in Poland and the challenges related to delivering vaccinations observed by healthcare professionals (HCPs). Material and Methods The study was based on an analysis of data from 18 in-depth interviews with HCPs working with Ukrainian refugees conducted in Poland in July and August 2023. The authors analyzed the data using the UNICEF Journey to Health and Immunization (JHI) framework in order to identify bottlenecks and possible interventions that could solve existing problems in preventive healthcare for migrants. Results This qualitative study revealed that at each stage of the JHI, there were challenges related to vaccinating Ukrainian children in Poland, which were similar to those experienced in other countries – gaps in routine immunizations and the need to fill these gaps by ensuring refugee populations are fully included in routine immunization in the host country. The work environment, training, and communication with the Ukrainian mothers contribute to HCPs’ engagement in increasing vaccine uptake among their patients. The HCPs’ attitudes, skills, and experiences impacted their interactions with patients and participation in the immunization process. Healthcare professionals observed that the mother’s journey was influenced by vaccine literacy level, competing priorities, individual barriers of access (e.g., language barrier, costs), as well as feelings associated with the decision to vaccinate a child, including worries about vaccine safety. The surrounding cultural norms, social support, and past experiences with the Ukrainian health system also influenced decisions on vaccinations. Conclusions Overcoming barriers related to vaccinations requires a comprehensive approach, starting with expanding HCPs’ knowledge about migrants’ rights to health services, including vaccinations, improving communication between patients and HCPs, building vaccine literacy/trust in vaccinations, and achieving vaccination coverage through tailored and flexible systemic solutions.
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Zmieniająca się epidemiologia kleszczowego zapalenia mózgu: wyzwania związane z nadzorem epidemiologicznym i zapobieganiem chorobie

51%
Kuchar E., Augustynowicz E., Flisiak R., Jackowska T., Mastalerz-Migas A., Nitsch-Osuch A., Pancer K., Szenborn L., Wysocki J., Zajkowska J.
Medycyna Pracy
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2024
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vol. 75
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issue 6
569-582
EN
The increasing number of cases of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) reported in recent years in Europe and, more recently, in Poland is a consequence of factors related to climate and environmental change leading to increasing tick populations and human behavior favoring exposure. In Poland, there is considerable regional variation in the incidence of TBE, resulting, among other factors, from underreporting of all cases and limited access to laboratory diagnostics. The consequence is low public awareness of the disease and insufficient use of vaccination as optimal prevention. The current system of surveillance for TBE in Poland needs to be improved: the introduction of standardised standards of clinical practice and wider access to laboratory.
PL
Zwiększająca się liczba przypadków kleszczowego zapalenia mózgu (KZM) notowana w ostatnich latach w Europie, a ostatnio także w Polsce, jest następstwem czynników związanych ze zmianami klimatu i środowiska będących przyczyną zwiększania się populacji kleszczy oraz zachowań ludzi sprzyjających narażeniu. W Polsce obserwuje się znaczne regionalne zróżnicowanie zapadalności na KZM, wynikające m.in. z niezgłaszania wszystkich przypadków i z ograniczonego dostępu do diagnostyki laboratoryjnej. Konsekwencją jest niska świadomość społeczna choroby i niewystarczające korzystanie ze szczepień jako optymalnej jej profilaktyki. Obecny system nadzoru nad KZM w Polsce wymaga usprawnienia: wprowadzenia ujednoliconych standardów praktyki klinicznej oraz szerszego dostępu do diagnostyki laboratoryjnej.
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