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EN
This paper outlines legal considerations connected with the concept of a “buffer zone” presented on the basis of Polish and foreign legislation, theory and practice. The statutory regulation of a “buffer zone” is laconic and therefore it is necessary to interpret it basing on the doctrine in order to avoid problems with its practical application by administrative bodies and judicial authorities. The paper contains different understandings of the concept of a buffer zone defined in law and in literature. And yet, buffer zones fulfill many important functions and therefore an analysis of their constitutive features seems to be necessary for correct making and application of the law. Foreign examples presented in the paper illustrate the universality of the issue. Based on legislative texts, the doctrine and judicial decisions as well as other legal acts regulating land use and spatial planning, an attempt is then made to present the impact of a buffer zone on the functioning of the areas in its neighbourhood. Further, the current lines of case law of administrative courts with respect to the issue of a buffer zone are shown, followed by a proposal to amend the statutory definition of a buffer zone. References to non-legal considerations regarding the issue in Polish and foreign literature have also been included to ensure a more holistic approach to the subject, since its full understanding requires taking into account the reasons for which a buffer zone has been established, and the functions it has to fulfill in nature conservation. Legal regulations governing buffer zones reflect environmental concerns and other related issues covered by widely understood ecology and cannot be only discussed from the legal point of view.
PL
Opracowanie ukazuje kwestię prawną otuliny na podstawie polskiego i zagranicznego dorobku naukowego. W związku z lakonicznością przepisów normujących to zagadnienie niezbędna jest refleksja doktryny, dzięki której możliwe do uniknięcia będą problemy praktycznego stosowania uregulowań przez organy administracyjne oraz sądowe. Autor rozpatruje rozumienie pojęcia otuliny określone przez właściwe przepisy, a także porównuje je z dorobkiem zawartym w literaturze przedmiotu. Otulina pełni wiele istotnych funkcji, dlatego analiza jej konstytutywnych cech wydaje się niezbędna dla prawidłowego stanowienia oraz stosowania prawa. W pierwszej kolejności artykuł odnosi się do światowego dorobku naukowego oraz przytacza dane ukazujące powszechność zagadnienia. Ze względu na ponadkrajowy charakter omawianej materii oraz liczbę zagranicznych publikacji niezbędne jest ich skrótowe przywołanie. Następnie zostaje podjęta próba ukazania wpływu ustanowienia obszaru otuliny na funkcjonowanie tego obszaru. Rozpatrując tę kwestię, autor opiera się na tekstach ustaw, stanowisku doktryny i judykatury, a ponadto uwzględnia inne akty prawne regulujące zagospodarowanie przestrzenne oraz korzystanie z nieruchomości. Dalej ukazuje także bieżącą linię orzecznictwa sądownictwa administracyjnego w odniesieniu do problematyki otuliny oraz propozycję zmiany definicji ustawowej omawianego pojęcia. Opracowanie zawiera także odesłania do analiz pozaprawnych autorów polskich i zagranicznych, co pozwala na holistyczne ukazanie poruszanego tematu. Dla pełnego zrozumienia zagadnienia otuliny konieczne jest uwzględnienie celu jej ustanowienia oraz funkcji, jakie ma pełnić w ochronie przyrody, w związku z czym dogłębne rozważania nie mogą uwzględniać tylko aspektów prawnych, ponieważ te stanowią odbicie treści poruszanych przez szeroko rozumianą ekologię.
PL
Paola Solombrino, The in house providing as a self-organization model for the public administration (Zamówienia in-house jako element modelu samoorganizacji administracji publicznej), „The Juridical Current” („Le Courant Juridique”) vol. 79, December 2019
PL
Maria João Mimoso, Maria do Rosário Anjos, Administrative arbitration in public procurement: A look at Portuguese law (Arbitraż administracyjny w zamówieniach publicznych: rozwiązania portugalskie), „Juridical Tribune” („Tribuna Juridica”) vol. 9(1), Marc
EN
The regulation of the legal nature of an appeal proceeding or a judgment crowning the proceeding is ambiguous and unclear. The National Appeals Chamber which issues a judgment decides upon the validity of a contract, the obligations of the contracting authority, financial penalties, and, indirectly, the actions taken by contractors. The influence of such decisions is of theoretical and practical significance and justifies an analysis presented in the paper. Thus the constitutive features of judgments handed down by a public administration body have been analysed and compared with typical forms of law enforcement (judicial decisions of the common courts, decisions issued by arbitration courts and individual administrative decisions). The latter have been given particular attention. The deliberations were based on the position of the doctrine of the law on public procurements, provisions of civil law and administrative law, as well as judicial decisions and judgments issued by the National Appeals Chamber. These were then analysed in the light of normative regulations of the Act on Public Procurements. The analysis revealed a multitude of problems resulting from the adoption by the legislature of atypical forms of action by the National Board of Appeal. The analysis provides the basis for further research aimed to create a coherent system regulating public procurements to ensure its proper functioning and to reduce the possibility of further interpretative problems.
PL
The concept of sustainable development is an important element of the legal system of modern states. According to the concept of sustainable development, all the elements of the triad, society – economy – environment, should develop as evenly as possible. At the moment, the idea of sustainable development has its local dimension and as such should be a key component in the functioning of cities. One of the instruments to implement this concept are green public procurement. Supporting the environment through the implementation of public procurement allows to extend measures to achieve these objectives. Many cities have recognized the need to implement green public procurement so that it is possible to achieve the sustainable development.The concept of sustainable development is an important elementof the legal system of modern states. According to the concept of sustainabledevelopment, all the elements of the triad, society – economy– environment, should develop as evenly as possible. At the moment,the idea of sustainable development has its local dimensionand as such should be a key component in the functioning of cities.One of the instruments to implement this concept are green publicprocurement. Supporting the environment through the implementationof public procurement allows to extend measures to achieve theseobjectives. Many cities have recognized the need to implement greenpublic procurement so that it is possible to achieve the sustainabledevelopment.
EN
Albert Sanchez-Graells, ‘Screening for Cartels’ in Public Procurement: Cheating at Solitaire to Sell Fool’s Gold? (Prześwietlanie w poszukiwaniu zmów przetargowych w zamówieniach publicznych), „Journal of European Competition Law & Practice” 2019, vol. 10, iss. 4, s. 199–211, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jeclap/lpz024
EN
Willem Janssen, Swimming Against the Tide: The Harmonisation of Self-organisation through Article 12 Directive 2014/24/EU, „European Procurement & Public Private Partnership Law Review” 2019, vol. 14, no. 3, s. 145–155, DOI: https://doi.org/10.21552/epppl/2019/3/4
PL
Willem Janssen, Swimming Against the Tide: The Harmonisation of Self-organisation through Article 12 Directive 2014/24/EU(Pływanie pod prąd. Harmonizacja samoorganizacji podmiotów publicznych poprzez artykuł 12 dyrektywy 2014/24/UE), „European Procurement & Public Private Partnership Law Review” 2019, vol. 14, no. 3, s. 145–155, DOI: https://doi.org/10.21552/epppl/2019/3/4
PL
Manuel Zimmermann, Economic Efficiency and the Division of Large Procurement Contracts Into Lots: An Analysis (Analiza efektywności ekonomicznej podziału zamówień na części), „European Procurement & Public Private Partnership Law Review” 2017, vol. 12,
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