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EN
The aim of the article is a sociological analysis of contemporary youth, forming a new generation called millennials or generation Y. This is due to the fact that modern young people vary quite significantly from representatives of older generations both in terms of mental as well as social attitudes. Author of the article based on available polish and international results of the empirical research discusses the most important characteristics peculiar for contemporary youth, and also points to some differences between millennials in Poland and in the world.
EN
The subject of this paper is the problem of researching participation in artistic culture. The analysis begins from the thesis that contemporary participation in artistic culture, regarded from the perspective of the individual, is both aesthetic act and social action. Sociological analysis of the participation in artistic culture should therefore be based on the mental attitude of the receiver of culture, which is constructed during the process of defining the situation of participation in artistic culture. This attitude consists in defining the subject of participation (by locating it in the consciousness of the recipients of culture) and defining the relation with this subject (by connections with the type of signification) which together form the basis for distinguishing specific mental types of recipients of artistic culture. Based on his empirical research of the citizens of Cracow, the author then presents the empirical characteristics of the selected types in the context of demographic variables and the respondents’ cultural activity.
PL
Jednym z najważniejszych współczesnych doświadczeń społeczeństw europejskich jest niewątpliwie kryzys migracyjny. Wywołane przez niego społeczne obawy wobec przybyszów pokazują, jak ważny jest wciąż archetypowy wzór „obcego-innego” i że może on być traktowany jako przykład „stałej antropologicznej”. Celem artykułu jest próba spojrzenia na obraz „Wędrowiec” Hieronima Boscha jak na ilustrację archetypowego wzoru „obcego-innego”. Wydaje się, że takie odczytanie tego dzieła, bardzo bogatego w treści symboliczne, z jednej strony doskonale uzasadnia tezę o archetypowych źródłach współczesnych postaw wobec „obcych”, z drugiej natomiast strony pozwala lepiej zrozumieć i wyjaśnić współczesne reakcje i zachowania Europejczyków. Staje się to szczególnie widoczne, gdy zestawimy obraz Hieronima Boscha ze współczesnymi medialnymi obrazami migrantów.
EN
One of the most important contemporary experiences of European societies is undoubtedly the migration crisis. The resulting social fears of ‘strangers,’ which have been activated, show how important the archetypical ‘other-stranger’ pattern still is, and that it can be treated as an example of an ‘anthropological constant.’ The aim of the article is to try to look at the painting “The Wayfarer” by Hieronymus Bosch as an illustration of the archetypical ‘other-stranger’ pattern. It seems that such a reading of this work, rich in symbolic content, on the one hand perfectly justifies the thesis of the archetypical sources of contemporary attitudes towards ‘strangers’ and, on the other hand, allows one to better understand and explain the current reactions and behaviors of Europeans. This becomes particularly evident when juxtaposing the image of Hieronymus Bosch with the contemporary media images of migrants.
PL
W artykule podjęto próbę charakterystyki zjawiska wielokulturowości we współczesnym mieście. Punktem wyjścia analizy jest stwierdzenie, że różnorodność kulturowa jest naturalną cechą przestrzeni miasta. Natomiast współczesne procesy dyfuzji kulturowej, globalizacji oraz fragmentaryzacji i rekompozycji kultury mają znaczący wpływ na wytwarzanie się ponowoczesnej wielokulturowości miasta, której podstawę stanowi tożsamość kulturowa na poziomie jednostki. W wyniku analizy wyróżniono i scharakteryzowano podstawowe typy ponowoczesnej wielokulturowości: wielokulturowość immanentną, wielokulturowość instrumentalną oraz wielokulturowość turystyczną.
EN
The article characterizes multiculturalism in the modern city. It begins by analysing the notion that cultural diversity is a natural feature of the city. But the contemporary processes of cultural diffusion, globalisation and the fragmentation and recomposition of culture have a significant impact on the production of the postmodern multiculturalism of cities, which is supported by the formation of an individual level of cultural identity. The analysis also distinguishes and characterises the basic types of postmodern multi­culturalism: immanent multiculturalism, instrumental multiculturalism and tourist multiculturalism.
EN
The study of the condition of marriages and reasons for failed marriages by analyzing the motives for bringing annulment actions is a novelty in the literature. The paper presents the results of such research conducted by the authors. These motives are significantly dependent on the gender of the respondents, which was shown.
PL
Badanie kondycji małżeństw oraz przyczyn nieudanych związków małżeńskich poprzez analizę pobudek wnoszenia pozwów o orzeczenie nieważności małżeństwa stanowi novum w literaturze przedmiotu. Artykuł zawiera prezentację wyników takich właśnie badań przeprowadzonych przez autorów. Wykazano, że pobudki te są w znacznym stopniu zależne od płci badanych.
EN
The aim of this article is to outline a new research perspective, allowing for an in-depth reflection on the condition of contemporary marriages and families. Of course, the problem itself is not new, but in order to analyse it, we propose to adopt a perspective which has not been present in the literature so far and which will consist in analysing the condition of the institution of marriage through the prism of the process of declaring a marriage null and void, i.e., the canonical procedure in force in the Catholic Church. The proposed research perspective is based on an interdisciplinary approach, taking into account the broad context in which, in our opinion, the functioning of the contemporary institution of marriage should be considered. In this approach we try to integrate sociological and demographic premises and inspirations with legal, theological and canonical premises, which is a significant novelty. The integration of these approaches will make it possible to consider the problem of the break-up of the marital bond in a different way than has been presented so far. Thanks to this, it is possible to make a comprehensive diagnosis of the situation of marriages in moments of crisis and to capture those aspects of spiritual and social life which have not yet been taken into account in the research, and which play a particularly important role in initiating proceedings to declare a marriage null and void.
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