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EN
The matter of changes in the ethno-linguistic relations in Silesia evokes a significantly more emotional response from later scholars than those from said period. Contemporary sources approached the issue in a roundabout way or simply marginalised it. Simultaneously, the Silesians considered themselves to be ethnically, possibly also linguistically, to be distinct from the denizens of neighbouring regions. Nonetheless certain categories relating to the territorial outreach of ethno-linguistic groups held true for Silesia. In this context one can distinguish a division formed at the dawn of renaissance, dividing Silesia into the left and right shore of the Oder river. This article concerns the Silesian border regions as well. Other aspects are considered as well, ethno-linguistic aspects capable of negating or furthering divisions in Silesia, aspects such as literary works, teaching and usage of language, (German, Polish, Latin) the presence of Polish printed works, as well as Jewish presence. Deliberations on the subject led to the conclusion that the effect of ethno-linguistic relations on the cohesiveness of Silesian society in the late Habsburg era was rather harmless.
PL
Artykuł podejmuje kwestię ideologicznych powiązań między fi lozofi ą człowieka rozwiniętą w XV wieku przez krakowskich mistrzów z Universitatis Cracoviensis i krakowskiej sztuki gotyckiej, przede wszystkim rzeźby stworzonej przez Wita Stwosza w tzw. krakowskim okresie jego twórczości. Niemiecki rzeźbiarz ukazał w krakowskim retabulum szeroką gamę indywidualnych studiów portretowych o charakterze realistycznym i naturalistycznym. W okresie krakowskim w twórczości Wita Stwosza zaszły istotne przemiany, stworzył on bowiem naturalistyczne portrety nieznane w ówczesnej sztuce europejskiej, ukazujące nawet patologiczne zmiany skórne, takie jak różnego typu rakowe zmiany skórne, które artysta widział na ludzkim ciele. W krakowskich archiwach zachował się notarialny dokument, z którego wynika, że Wit Stwosz utrzymywał przyjazne kontakty z Janem z Głogowa, autorem traktatu Physionomia hincinde ex illustribus scriptoribus per venerabilem virum magistrum Joannem Glogoviensem diligentissime recollecta, wydrukowanego w Krakowie w 1518 r. W artykule pokazano, że treść tego traktatu – w tym problem chorób skóry – znalazła odzwierciedlenie w sztuce jednego z najsłynniejszych rzeźbiarzy późnośredniowiecznej Europy Środkowej.
EN
The article takes up the issue of ideological connections between the philosophy of man developed in the 15th century by the Cracovian masters from the Universitatis Cracoviensis and Cracovian Gothic art, above all the sculptures created by Veit Stoss in his Cracovian period. The German master-carver showed in his Cracovian Altarpiece a vast range of individual portrait-studies, realistic and naturalistic in character. During the Cracovian period some essential transformations took place in Veit Stoss’s oeuvre. He created naturalistic portrait-studies unknown in the European art of the time, depicting even pathological changes, such as cancerous skin lesions, which Stoss perceived on the human body. We have known – on the basis of archival sources – that Veit Stoss maintained friendly contacts with Jan of Głogów, author of the treatise Physionomia hincinde ex illustribus scriptoribus per venerabilem virum magistrum Joannem Glogoviensem diligentissime recol lecta, printed in Kraków in 1518. I wish to prove that the content of this treatise – including the issue of skin diseases – found its refl ection in the art of one of the leading sculptors of the late medieval Europe.
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