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Metaphoric Expressions in Business Communication

100%
Jendrych E.
Lingwistyka Stosowana / Applied Linguistics / Angewandte Linguistik
|
2017
|
issue 21
39-53
EN
Figurative language has always been used in business communication, with metaphoric expressions being its most representative and frequent elements. Metaphor is defined as a transference of the literal meaning of a word into another context, which means that one thing is described in terms of some other thing (M. Long/ J. Richards 1999), e.g. time is money, cash cow, sleeping beauty. It is the notion of either comparison or resemblance that creates the basis for metaphor – instead of the literal meaning of a word or expression native language users can easily produce a metaphoric expression and understand its figurative meaning. Metaphors are culture-specific and they reveal patterns of thought that are characteristic of individuals and of groups (G. Lakoff/ M. Johnson 1980). Business English metaphors can, and indeed do, reflect the values, beliefs and norms that prevail in the language of business communication in English-speaking countries and in many global companies in which English is a lingua franca. Figurative expressions are frequently found to be the preferred way of conveying meaning and business communicators tend to use metaphoric expressions both in written and spoken discourse. In this study popular standard business metaphors were excerpted by hand from three dictionaries: Cambridge Business English Dictionary and Thesaurus, Longman Business English Dictionary (2007), and Oxford Collocations Dictionary (2008). It was arbitrarily assumed that the inclusion of a metaphor into one or more of these dictionaries suggests that it is considered to be a standard (‘dead’) business metaphor. The excerpted metaphors were classified (1) formally, i.e. according to the structure of a given metaphor and (2) semantically, i.e. according to the concept which underlies a given metaphor. The paper also gives examples of ‘living’ (novel) business metaphors excerpted from a small, and therefore not representative, research corpus of articles published in “The Wall Street Journal” on 25 February 2015. The aim of the presented examples of metaphors is to demonstrate how easily novel metaphors can be created. Then, the paper discusses the functions and characteristics of popular metaphors used in typical business situations. Finally, it identifies some of the challenges in metaphor understanding and metaphor usage faced by non-native speakers of business English.
2

Studium przypadku jako materiał dydaktyczny w nauczaniu specjalistycznego języka Bussines English

63%
Jendrych E., Wiśniewska H.
Lingwistyka Stosowana / Applied Linguistics / Angewandte Linguistik
|
2009
|
issue 1
127-140
EN
The aim of the article is to present the methodology of using case studies in teaching business English to upper-intermediate and advanced students. In the first part it gives a brief history of case studies, then it presents the structure and the basic parts of a mini-case. The last part deals with the methodology of using cases in a business English class. It stresses the significance of case studies in teaching the four language skills. It also recommends the case study method for teaching business and management skills such as analysing facts and figures, presenting the case, giving opinions, negotia- ting and chairing a discussion. The case study method can also be helpful when dealing with cross- cultural issues in a business English course. Case studies are valuable ESP materials with a great teaching potential. They may be challen- ging for both students and teachers. They are effective in teaching the productive language skills of speaking and writing. In addition, they practise content-and-language integrated learning (CLIL) and prepare students to perform successfully in their future business roles.
3

Samoocena kompetencji językowych studentow uczących się angielskiego języka biznesu – badanie ankietowe

51%
Jendrych E., Pułaska-Turyna B., Wiśniewska H.
Lingwistyka Stosowana / Applied Linguistics / Angewandte Linguistik
|
2010
|
issue 2
93-112
EN
Self-assessment of four basic language skills was researched in a group of 128 advanced students of Business English in two business schools. The study included questionnaire design and statistical analysis of the data. Additionally, the authors researched into the situations in which students use Business English. The research shows that speaking is the most difficult skill for all groups of respondents: full-time students, part-time students and postgraduate students. Students say that in order to improve their language competence they need to practice business skills and learn more business vocabulary.
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