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EN
The aim of this article is to present the life and activities of Wanda Ładzina, particularly her involvement in numerous spheres of charitable, political and social work and publishing. At various times in her life she was active in the French Red Cross (fr. Croix-Rouge française), and the Union of French Women (fr. Union des Femmes de France), and the Polish Red Cross. She was president of the Sisters’ Section of the Polish Red Cross (pol. Sekcja Sióstr Polskiego Czerwonego Krzyża), dressed wounded French soldiers participating in the First World War and later Polish soldiers fighting in the war against the Bolsheviks. She was also the caretaker of the Association of Catholic Servants in Lodz (pol. Stowarzyszenie Sług Katolickich w Łodzi), belonged to the National Women’s Organisation, Poland (pol. Narodowa Organizacja Kobiet, Polska), and the “Falcon” Polish Gymnastic Society. In 1922, in the elections of 5 November, she won a parliamentary seat on behalf of the Popular National Union; in the Sejm she sat on three committees: the Labour Protection Committee (pol. Komisja Ochrony Pracy), the Social Welfare Committee (Komisja Opieki Społecznej) and the Invalidity Committee (pol. Komisja Inwalidztwa); she was also active in the Polish-French parliamentary group. Wanda Ładzina fought above all for the social rights of female domestic workers, advocated the abolition of restrictions on women’s civil rights and the regulation of the status of employed women and working minors. During the Second World War, she was in France, active in the Polish Red Cross and, from 1941, in the Welfare Society for the Poles in France (fr. Groupement d’assistance aux Polonais en France, pol. Towarzystwo Opieki nad Polakami we Francji). After the end of the war, she decided to remain in France and published journalistic and religious texts. She died in Paris, was buried in the Montmorency cemetery.
PL
W II połowie XIX w., od 1882 do 1883 r., w Tarnowie ukazywał się dwutygodnik o charakterze ekonomiczno-społecznym „Orzeł”. Jego założycielem był Jan Karol Włodarski. Czasopismo wydawano w drukarniach Anastazego Rusinowskiego, Józefa Styrny, Józefa Fischera i Mojżesza Deutschera w Krakowie, w nakładzie 500 egzemplarzy, każdego 1. i 15. dnia miesiąca. Pismo miało charakter ekonomiczno-społeczny, dlatego zamieszczano w nim różnorodne artykuły z tych dziedzin w stałych działach, m.in.: „Od Redakcyi i Wydawnictwa”, „Sprawy gminne i powiatowe”, „Kronika miejscowa i zamiejscowa”, „Stowarzyszenia”, „To i owo”, „Nadesłane”, „Spóźnione”, „Zapiski bibliograficzne”, „Pytania i odpowiedzi”, „Nowości”, „Rozmaitości”, „Korespondencje”, „Urywek z dziejów”, „Pytania i odpowiedzi”. Na łamach pisma publikowano także powieść w odcinkach, poezje oraz humoreski. Różnorodność tematyczna tekstów prasowych pozwala na odtworzenie obrazu miasta Tarnowa z końca XIX w. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na różne problemy mieszkańców Tarnowa opisywane regularnie w poszczególnych działach w czasopiśmie „Orzeł”. Wśród tych problemów były kwestie dotyczące powszednich, zwykłych, ale także wyjątkowych zdarzeń, z którymi stykała się społeczność miasta, takich jak np. poprawa jakości życia, bezpieczeństwo i praca w mieście, wygląd i estetyka miasta, nekropolia tarnowska, klęski żywiołowe w regionie tarnowskim, wypadki komunikacyjne, troska o zwierzęta czy też wypoczynek i rekreacja.
EN
The magazine published in the second half of the nineteenth century in Tarnów, was the biweekly “Eagle” devoted to economic and social issues. Its founder was Jan Karol Włodarski. The journal was published in the printing houses of Anastazy Rusinowski, Józef Styrna, Józef Fischer and Mojżesz Deutscher in Kraków, and was published from 1882 to 1883 in the circulation of 500 copies, on the 1st and the 15th day of each month. Although the magazine was of an economic and social character, various other articles were included in it; such as the permanent sections: „Od Redakcyi i Wydawnictwa” „Sprawy gminne i powiatowe”, „Kronika miejscowa i zamiejscowa”, „Stowarzyszenia”, „To i owo”, „Nadesłane”, „Spóźnione”, „Zapiski bibliograficzne”, „Pytania i odpowiedzi”, „Nowości”, „Rozmaitości”, „Korespondencje”, „Urywek z dziejów”, „Pytania i odpowiedzi” and also a novel in instalments, poetry, and humour. Through this diversity, it could recreate the image of the city of those times. The aim of this article is to draw attention to the characteristic everyday problems of the small-town Tarnów community described regularly in various sections in the “Eagle” magazine. They concerned ordinary, direct issues such as improving the quality of life in Tarnów, safety and work in the city, the appearance and aesthetics of the city, the Tarnów necropolis, natural disasters in the Tarnów region, road accidents, caring for animals, or rest and leisure.
EN
The main aim of the article is to present and discuss various aspects of pastoral care for Polish citizens (civil and military) in places where Poles reside in France, i.e. in Polish shelters, work, companies, hospitals during the time of the Welfare Society for Poles in France in the years 1939–1944. In the difficult period of the Second World War, the pastoral care enjoyed by the Polish immigrants in France was of great importance to them. The pastoral care helped to survive this difficult time, united her expatriates, gave them hope to change the situation. The priests working in the Polish community surrounded with their pastoral care all Poles who wanted and needed such a ministry, many of them were arrested and imprisoned for this activity, and some were killed.
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