The Plato’s mysticism arises from a conviction of an existence of two realities. The world of phenomena cannot be recognized by a human, it can only be seen. The whole world of our experience should be put in brackets. The reality which is a subject of our cognition contains an existence inside itself. The speculative thinking is a method of capture an existence by mind. Thus only a philosopher can reach the top of intellectual mysticism. It is a specific experience of mind. Dialectic cognition in its final point is placed beyond speculative cognition. It is a direct seeing of the Good Itself. The communion with It changes the human. Contemplation brings to mind that you are identical with the Final Principle, the Real existence. Judicious perceiving of existence is a natural state of a soul and at the same time an experience of something unique and unusual. The Plato’s mysticism is an inner look at what is the most common and existing. The philosophers are presented as an elite reaching the god’s wisdom, capable of dialectical considering of an existence. Mysticism is an offer for those who are awesome of the world elapsing. Due to this awareness, a human can get his inside and rise to the level of existence in his homeland as well as be granted the true holiness and reach the immortality as gods.
Praca ta bierze sobie za cel rekonstrukcję kultury, która przyczyniła się do powstania filozoficznego namysłu. Moim celem jest podkreślenie dwóch ważnych czynników: religii, przenoszącej doświadczenia osobiste oraz wagę pewnych idei zawartych w tej kulturze. Źródła myślenia filozoficznego można dopatrywać się w strukturze polis. Jedynie na jej podstawie mogły powstać idee mądrego człowieka i obywatela jak i religijnie zorientowanej jednostki ludzkiej. Greckie polis przeciera szlak nowego stylu w myśleniu poprzez tworzenie dla obywateli warunków do podążania za ideałem niezależnie od zajmowanej w społeczeństwie pozycji. Wysoka pozycja wiedzy jako moralnej refleksji zespolonej z religijnością pozwala na myślenie według praw logosu. W końcu, doświadczenie oferowane przez kulty misteryjne prowadzi do transformacji własnej egzystencji i powstania innego niż wcześniej sposobu rozpoznawania rzeczywistości. Bez wątpienia, wszystkie elementy powiązane ze strukturą polis wraz z ich wartościami prowadzą do powstania nowego sposobu refleksji w formie filozofii. Można powiedzieć, że filozoficzna obiektywność jest poprzedzona subiektywnością, a korzenie racjonalności sięgają irracjonalności.
EN
This work attempts to reconstruct the culture that contributed to the philosophical way of thinking. My goal is to extract two important factors: religion carrying individual experience and the importance of certain ideas which are present in that culture. Sources of philosophical thinking can be found in the structure of polis. Only on its basis could the idea of the wise man and citizen as well as religion-oriented individual experience be raised. Greek polis paves the way for a new style of thinking by creating the conditions for its citizens to follow the ideal, regardless of the position they occupy in society. Sustainability, which should be a feature of a good citizen, is also the essence of society. Highly positioned wisdom as moral reflection tinged with religiosity allows thinking according to the laws of logos. Finally, the experience offered by the mystery cults leads to the transformation of their own existence and the emergence of a way of recognition of reality different than before. Undeniably, all the elements related to structure policies with its ideals contribute to the emergence of a new way of thinking in the form of philosophy. One could say that the philosophical objectivity is preceded by the subjectivity and rationality of its roots dating back to irrationality.
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