A positive perspective in social sciences is one of the key directions in contemporary youth studies and an important point of reflection on education. In recent decades, the Positive Youth Development concept (PYD) has been a particularly clear and significant perspective for studying adolescence on a global scale. This perspective is crucial for many theoretical assumptions and educational projects. The aim of this article is to analyse the concepts and theories (directly and indirectly) related to this concept in youth studies. In this paper, significant changes in the reflection on adolescence have been analysed, which turned the vision of a developmental stage full of tensions and conflicts into a period of great opportunities for the personal development and also gave new meaning to youth’s good life. The PYD key concepts and theories plus practical education have been presented. Additionally, critical remarks on positive concepts in youth studies have been analysed.
The authors present innovative teaching methods applied in the implementation of the three-year Intensive Programme SPICY (Special Project International Capacitybuilding Youthwork), conducted in 2011–2014 within the framework of the LLP-Erasmus. Due to the duration of the Programme three thematic areas have been set out. The fi rst edition of the Programme was dedicated for international analyses of key terms and concepts related to the youth and youth studies. Participants gathered information and theoretical approaches towards de fi ning youth in their countries, with particular emphasis on the psychological, social and cultural aspects. In the next year of the Programme, participants focused on topics related to youth problems and youth delinquency. In these areas empirical studies were conducted. The last edition of SPICY! was concentrated on the 162 Krzysztof Sawicki, Emilia Żyłkiewicz-Płońska working methods with young people in different countries, within a special focus onsocial prevention towards youth delinquent behavior.
Artykuł jest próbą poszukiwania odpowiedzi na pytanie o tożsamość młodzieży z subkultur kibicowskich. Analiza problemu sprowadza się do opisu subkultury kibiców piłkarskich jako grupy społecznej kształtującej parametry indywidualne i grupowe młodych ludzi. Grupa ta jest tylko pozornie jednorodna. Członkowie spędzają czas wolny na kibicowaniu ulubionej drużynie i uczestniczeniu w widowiskach sportowych. Co więcej organizują zbiórki charytatywne, propagują postawę patriotyczną, jak również odwołują się do neofaszystowskich haseł i symboliki, wykrzykują antysemickie przyśpiewki, mają rasistowskie poglądy czy dopuszczają się okaleczeń innych. Dalsza część tekstu to wskazanie zadań w kontekście wychowania i edukacji, obszarów działań, jak również dobrych praktyk, które mogą być fundamentem do budowy programów profilaktycznych i naprawczych nastawionych na kreowanie w opisywanym środowisku tożsamości twórczej, otwartej, rozumiejącej siebie i innych.
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The article poses a question on the identity of the youth that associate with the subculture of football fans. The main subject relates to the description of football fans culture as a social group. The subculture of football fans appears very homogenous, which is misleading. On one hand members of the subculture spend their free time supporting their favorite team, participating in sport events, organizing moneyraising and promoting patriotic feelings. On the other hand, they are associated with the neo-fascist slogans and symbols, shouting anti-Semitic chants and committing acts of physical violence. The article identifies challenges for the education policy and practices that may be fundamental in creating prevention programs, aimed at the development of a new football fan identity, which would promote open, understanding and tolerant attitudes within this community.
The paper presents thematic analyses relating to migration processes, situated between the Legacy of the Past and Challenges of the Future. The authors focus on a complex migration process referring to key factors that characterise it as well as dominant concepts in host societies: segregation and integration. The theoretical considerations undertaken in the text are primarily oriented towards presenting the diverse situation of Migrant Children and Youth “On the Move” as a category of the young generation affected by migration processes. The text is an attempt to reflect on the functioning of migrant backgrounds in the context of children’s and adolescents’ integration with the new place of residence. Particular attention was drawn to fragile areas generating distance, social exclusion and consequently hindering the process of integration.
Background Exposure to nanoparticles (NPs) can occur in a variety of occupational situations. Ultrafine particles of natural and anthropological origin toxicity has been described in epidemiological studies. Meanwhile, the risks associated with NPs exposure are not comprehensively assessed. A wide spectrum of NPs toxicity has been demonstrated, mainly through the induction of oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators. Among the newly described mechanisms of NPs toxicity is the induction of fibrosis via the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is also a key mechanism of cancer metastasis. The effect of NPs on EMT in the context of metastasis has not been sufficiently described so far, and the results of studies do not allow for the formulation of unambiguous conclusions. Therefore, the aim of the work was to determine the biological activity of silver NPs against MDA-MB-436 triple-negative breast cancer cells. Material and Methods Reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to examine mRNA expression of EMT markers. The QCM Chemotaxis Cell Migration Assay and QCM ECMatrix Cell Invasion Assay were used to assess the level of cell migration and invasion. The tumor growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) secretion was determined by the immunoenzymatic method using the Human TGF-beta 1 ELISA Kit. Results Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) cause a statistically significant increase in relative expression of all tested mesenchymal EMT markers – cadherin 2, vimentin, matrix metalloproteinase 2 and matrix metalloproteinase 9. At the same time, reduction of epithelial cadherin 1 expression was observed. The level of MDA-MB-436 migration and TGF-beta 1 secretion was slighty increased in AgNPs-treated cells, with no influence on invasion potential. Conclusions Potentially prometastatic effect of AgNPs encourages further work on the safety of nanomaterials.
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