Dans l’article, on a présenté l’idée d’enseigner le géographe du tourisme à l’Université de Łódź ainsi que cinq blocs des m atières constituant le programme de l’enseignement et la silhouette d’un diplômé de la spécialisation discutée. L’article est complété par le plan détaillé des études de la géographie du tourisme, la liste des manuels et des abrégés recommandés aux étudiants de cette spécialisation.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono program zajęć specjalizacyjnych z geografii turyzmu, tematykę prac magisterskich podejmowanych przez studentów tej specjalizacji oraz podano wykaz głównych podręczników i skryptów zalecanych studentom geografii turyzmu na Uniwersytecie Łódzkim.
Dans le travail, on a présenté la genèse de la colonisation de repois aux en viron s de Łódź ainsi que son développement dans les trois périod es suivantes: avant la Ière guerre mondiale, pendant las vingt ans d'entre deux guerres, a rès la llère guerre mondiale. On a montré les facteurs conditionnant la génèse de cette forme de la colonisation en citant l'ac cessibilité de communication et celle juridique au terrain et aussi, quoique d'une façon moins détaillée, les valeurs du milieu naturel. Les résultats des recherches faites ont dém ontré entre autres le rôle important de la colonisation de repos dans le processus de l'urbanisation dos terrains suburbains et la succession spatiale fortem ent développée de la fonction de repos aux en virons de Łódź.
In the article an attempt has been made to determine the importance of the seaside settlements on the Hel Peninsula and the magnitude of tourist traffic. The seaside settlements of the investigated area have a season al changing functional structure. Beside the basic, often traditional functions (table 1), in summer they take over the additional function of serving the holiday and tourist traffic. In the pitch period this additional function becomes a leading one, and its economic and social importance gets extended in time. The best measure of this function.
Dans l'article on a présenté les principales directions des recherches scientifiques dans le domaine de la géographie du tourisme et des autres sciences s'occupant, en Bulgarie, des problèmes spatiaux du tourisme. On a caractérisé les centres académiques d'enseignement des cadres, on a aussi présenté les éditions bulgares consacrées à la problém atique du tourisme. Dans l'article, l'auteur a mis à profit la littérature accessible du sujet ainsi que ses études menées en Bulgarie en 1983.
EN
Growing inflow of foreign tourists to Bulgaria, whose number exceeded 6 million persons in 1981, together with development of internal tourist movement intensified among others by 5-day working week, have generated research interest shared by many scientific disciplines. The theoretical knowledge about tourist movement and provision of services for tourists, known as „tourism", is pursued in Bulgaria by representives of economic and geographical sciences, architects, physicians and others grouped in two biggest centres i.e. in Sofia and Varna. The article discusses in greater detail research interests of the geography of tourism and other sciences dealing with problems of spatial tourist movement in Bulgaria. There have been distinguished four main directions of those studies. The article is based on the available literature of the subject and on the studies conducted by the author in Bulgaria in 1983.
There are many different ways in which towns achieve a full growth and attain a significant position in the settlement hierarchy. Łódź is an excellent example o f a town that owes its growth to the development of industry. It exhibited typical advantages (a dynamic economic and demographic growth) and disadvantages (underdeveloped technical and social infrastructure). This paper presents the two hundred year process that transformed Łódź from a liny rural locality into a populous and significant regional centre. One can distinguish five phases of this in the functional evolution o f Łódź. The first phase called „the initial stage” ended in 1820. Despite the acquisition of civic rights in 1423, Łódź was a small, remote, rural town that had no capacity to influence outlying areas. In 1820 the population of Łódź numbered 767. The second phase was „an early stage of region-generating functions”. It was initiated by the decision to establish a clothier settlement in 1820, and it was terminated by the First World War. From the economic and demographic point of view it was the most dynamic period in the history of Łódź. However, this growth was not accompanied by a development of other functions. Łódź became thus a huge workmen’s housing estate, destitute of urban structures except financial institutions (banks, credit companies, insurance agencies) necessary for functioning of such a big industrial centre. The third phase called „the institutional stage of region-generating functions” occurred between the two World Wars. At this juncture, Łódź was given some administrative functions (voivodship, bishopric, army district) that induced the appearance of subsequent region-generating functions, e.g. consulates and foreign trade agencies. In this period, Łódź was granted, for the first time in its history, official regional functions through the establishment of the Łódź Voivodship. Nevertheless, the city itself was at a low ebb as to economy and demography. The fourth phase is „the stage of fulfilment of region-generating functions”. It occurred after the Second World War and it followed the development of metropolitan institutions. In those days, Łódź become an important centre of administration, science, culture, and specialised medical services. These institutions made up for some o f the functional deficiencies in the city of 800.000 people and enabled it to exert a marked influence on the region. The political decisions related to the change of the administrative division of Poland in 1975 caused a dinmution of the administrative region of Łódź. The second most populous city in Poland became deprived of some of its regional space. As a consequence Łódź entered „the stage of recession of region-generating functions”. During the economic depression in the 1980s and 1990s, Łódź was confronted with a new challenge. Due to the restriction of its regional space and the decline of the textile industry, the city was affected by an acute demographic crisis. The future of Łódź as a regional centre depends on the creation of some new economic developments (construction o f highways, development of the modern industrial technologies), and on an intensive growth of metropolitan functions.
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano proces kształtowania się funkcji regionotwórczej Łodzi na przestrzeni ostatnich dwustu lat. Analizę tego procesu przeprowadzono wydzielając pięć faz, których nazwy określają stopień rozwoju badanej funkcji. W pracy przedstawiono fazy: wyjściową, inicjującą powstanie funkcji regionotwórczych, instytucjonalną, wypełniającą oraz fazę regresji, w jakiej znalazła się Łódź w ostatnich latach.
Celem artykułu jest odpowiedź na pytanie, na ile teoretyczne założenia i idee kształcenia kadr na potrzeby turystyki znajdują potwierdzenie w praktyce życia codziennego. Miarą przydatności wykształcenia uniwersyteckiego są, zdaniem autorów, kariery zawodowe absolwentów tych studiów. W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badań ankietowych przeprowadzonych wśród absolwentów, zarówno Podyplomowego Studium Turystyki, jak i studiów magisterskich z geografii turyzmu. Na ankietę dotyczącą studiów podyplomowych odpowiedziały 83 osoby, co stanowi 42% wszystkich absolwentów, a wśród absolwentów studiów magisterskich — 22 osoby, czyli dokładnie 60% promowanych. Analiza statystyczna oraz rzeczowa nadesłanych na ankietę odpowiedzi pozwala na wyciągnięcie kilku uogólniających wniosków.
EN
The aim of this article is to answer the question to what degree theoretical assumptions and ideas of the training of students for the tourism sector find their confirmation in practical life. According to the authors, an index of usefulness of university education in this field are professional careers of students completing these courses. The authors present the findings of questionnaire studies conducted among the graduates both of the Postdiploma Centre of Tourism and of the M.A. courses in the geography of tourism. The questionnaire concerning the postdiploma courses w as filled by 83 persons, i.e. by 42 per cent of all the graduates and that concerning the M.A. courses — by 22 persons or exactly 60 per cent of the graduates. The statistical and substantive analysis of the questionnaires submitted by the respondents allows to draw several more general conclusions.
Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, iż funkcja turystyczna Kartuz rozumiana jako obsługa ruchu turystycznego ma tu charakter egzogeniсzny. Rangę tej funkcji określono badając zasięg terytorialny przybywających do Kartuz turystów.