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SCHELLENFUNDE AUS DEM AWARISCHEN GRÄBERFELD VON VÖSENDORF-LAXENBURGERSTRAßE, ÖSTERREICH

100%
Pomberger B. M., Stadler P.
Študijné zvesti
|
2018
|
issue 63
125 - 146
EN
The Avar necropolis of Vösendorf is located near the strong frequented main road Laxenburgerstrasse, on a slight slope. It contains 443 burials from the middle Avar period until the very late Avar period. Beside objects which belonged to the costumes of the buried, weapons and pottery, some idiophones of metal – bells and pellet bells – were detected. The pellet bells were cast in bronze, made of iron or of bronze sheet. Small pebbles served as rattle balls. The metal rattles have to be classified to the group of vessel rattles after the classification of instruments of Hornbostel and Sachs. In the graves 9 and 532 they clearly belonged to the dead and were found near their hips. Probably the pellet bells served as sounding apotropaic amulets and were worn in small bags made of organic material, fastened on the belts. Researching other burials with pellet bells found in necropolis from Lower Austria, Hungary and Slovakia, we found out, that predominantly children and women had metal rattles and only a few men. The rattle from burial 525 might belong to the horse gear and not to the man. Bronze sheet pellet bells mostly are detected together with horse skeletons. The idiophone of burial 715, a horse man’s burial with his horse, was part of the horse gear and decorated the strap on the front (headband). Two pellet bells could be examined acoustically and show very high sounds low sound levels and low ranges. Pellet bells appear from phase Middle Avar II on and were used until the very late Avar time.
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VON RÖMISCHEN GLOCKEN UND AWARISCHEN SCHELLEN – FRÜHGESCHICHTLICHE IDIOPHONE AUS WIEN

81%
Pomberger B. M., Mühlhans J., Mehofer M.
Študijné zvesti
|
2022
|
vol. 69
|
issue 2
355-406
EN
The article presents Roman bells and Avar bell finds from Vienna. Excavations within the area of ancient Vienna (Vindobona) unearthed 25 bells. They were found in the military camp, the canabae legionis, both in the first district of Vienna, the civil town in the third Viennese district and near ancient roads. They are cast in diverse copper-alloys (Cu-Sn-Pb; Cu-Sn-Zn-Pb; Cu-Pb) and forged from iron sheet. A larger amount originates from metallurgic workshops and probably were produced there. The sizes vary from 7 mm up to 91 mm. The copper-alloy bells are classified into four types and the iron bells only in one type. Whereas none of the larger bells can be associated with a more precise function, the tiny bells served as jewellery and apotropaic pendants on necklaces and bracelets. Bells were signal instruments to regulate the daily life of a settlement, served as apotropaic wind chimes in various buildings, courtyards and gardens, decorated grazing animals and were part of the harness of draught, pack and riding animals. They also played a role in religious life. From the Avar period 21 pellet bells, three tutuli shaped bells and two bells are known in Vienna. Mostly they were found in children’s and a few adults burials. Some horses had pellet bells as parts of the bridle and saddle. One dog wore a pellet bells on its collar. Pellet bells were cast in copper alloys (Cu-Sn-Pb; Cu-Sn-Zn-Pb) and forged in metal sheets (Fe, Bz). Their surfaces are smooth ore decorated. Small pebbles or bronze balls are enclosed in the rattles. They are classified into five basic shapes. Pellet bells probably served as apotropaic amulets and jewellery. They were not very common in the Avar communities, because they appear only in a few graves from the middle of the 7th c. onwards. Well-preserved bells and pellet bells were recorded and analysed acoustically and psychoacoustically. Their frequencies range from 1.2 kHz–20 kHz. Both types are bright and sharp in sound but hardly rough.
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