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EN
This paper focuses on reconstructing the history of the so-called Russian Formalism and the avantgarde context of OPOYAZ’s inception in Petersburg in 1914. Victor Shklovsky’s lecture-manifesto titled “The resurrection of the word”, which he presented in the café “Brodyacha Sobaka” (“The Stray Dog”) in Petersburg, marked the symbolic beginning of this movement. The anniversary of the foundation of the Russian Formal School as well as the international congress commemorating this anniversary, which was organized in Moscow in 2013 (titled “The 100th Anniversary of Russian Formalism: 1913–2013”) provide a starting point for discussing the legacy and topicality of the Russian Formalism in contemporary literary studies.
EN
The aim of the paper is to present the history of the Moscow Linguistic Circle whose membershave laid the foundations for themodern, linguistic-oriented literary theory since 1915. The goal of the thesis is to follow the process of establishing the literary theory as an autonomous scientific discipline with its specific research subject, appropriate tools, and terminology. The case of the Circle illustrates that the scientific intuitions of young scholars from Moscow were often ahead of many trends in the twentieth century humanities (e.g. structuralism, statistical poetics, urban studies, sociolinguistics). For this reason the discussion on the intellectual heritage of the Moscow Linguistic Circle is also the reinterpretation of the history of the modern literary theory – necessary in the light of the available, yet poorly recognized archival documents.
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