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Kwenowie – (nie)zapomniana mniejszość

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Hlebowicz S.

Studia Scandinavica

2020

vol. 24

issue 4

149-172

The Kven People have lived in the North Cape area since ancient times. The first account of the Cwenas is to be found in Ohthere’s of Hålogaland account, which dates back to 890 C.E., and describes the existence of peoples living in Cwena land in the north of Sweden. Kven people are said to be descendants of Finnish peasants and fishermen who emigrated from the northern parts of Finland and Sweden to Northern Norway. The tax books from the sixteenth century indicate clearly that the Kven people lived permanently in the area of the Gulf of Bothnia. The Kvens were well integrated, and perceived as a valuable workforce. Still, tempestuous Russian history combined with Finnish dependency on the Russian Empire backfired on the perception of the Kvens in Norway, as they were seen as a menace to national security. As a result, they were made to go through a very strict assimilation process from the nineteenth century onwards. After WWII, their situation became somewhat better, but it still left much to be desired, since they were thought to collaborate with the USSR. The wind of change started to blow in 1996, when the Kvens were granted minority status in Norway, and in 2005 the Kven language was recognized as a minority language in Norway.

Untangling the Russian-Ukrainian Knot: Representations of the neo-imperialistic Russian political discourse and its analysis in the Polish press materials in the period of 2013–2014 and 2022

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Hlebowicz S.

Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka

2023

vol. LII

issue 3

81-92

Military conflicts have symbolic foundations. Be it religion, identity, values, or language, they all may serve as ‘weapons of war’ that either help to rationalize the military action or mobilize the nation. The Russian-Ukrainian war is no exception. The ongoing conflict exceeds the premises of a geo-political game or a socioeconomic ambition and proves itself to be deeply entrenched in a cultural conflict between the two countries. Therefore, the thrust of the paper is to explore the cultural-historical context of the Russia-Ukraine war.Russian imperialistic desires have been whetted by neo-romantic historical narration for the past two decades. The article comprises of two parts – historical and empirical. When the former depicts the history of direct imperial Russian rule over Ukraine, then the latter is a critical overview of Polish press materials commenting on the change in the Russian political discourse concerning Ukraine in the years 2013–2014 and 2022. Such an analysis sheds different light on the current Russian-Ukrainian war, but it also indicates that the conflict we are witnessing now has been carefully prepared on both military and socio-political levels.

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1 Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka

1 Studia Scandinavica

2 Hlebowicz S.

1 2023

1 2020

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Kwenowie – (nie)zapomniana mniejszość

Untangling the Russian-Ukrainian Knot: Representations of the neo-imperialistic Russian political discourse and its analysis in the Polish press materials in the period of 2013–2014 and 2022