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Nekrolog w służbie propagandy

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Poradnik Językowy
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2016
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vol. 738
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issue 9
36-47
EN
On the basis of the material excerpted from two daily newspapers: Trybuna Ludu and Neues Deutschland, the author of this paper shows that obituaries can be also considered as texts in the service of PRL (Polish People’s Republic) and GDR (East Germany). Obituaries performed – like all other press genres – the ritual function and thus, albeit in a less direct way than typical propaganda texts, served the socialist state and its ideology. The following means of rituality confirm and consolidate the adopted values: structure of the obituary, fixed formulas, keywords, references to the past and the present, adjectives, and full titles of the deceased. Qualitative and quantitative analyses are conducted.
EN
The postulate of 1970-ies and 1980-ies ‘History of language as history of text genres’ was practically used only in the following decades. A lot of monographies and collective works appeared. Those works became an inspiration for Polish Germanists who undertook research on historical genres. The aim of this article is to make the balance of the achievements in this domain and forecasting further development of this discipline.
PL
Das in den siebziger und achtziger Jahren formulierte Postulat ‘Sprachgeschichte als Textsortengeschichte‘ wurde in der germanistischen Forschung in Deutschland erst in den nächsten Jahrzehnten empirisch umgesetzt. Gemeint sind hier zahlreiche Monographien sowie Sammelbände. Von diesen Arbeiten gingen Inspirationen für polnische Germanist(inn)en aus, die eine Erforschung historischer Textsorten unternahmen. Das Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags ist es, eine Bilanz aus dem bereits Untersuchten zu ziehen und Perspektiven künftiger Forschung in diesem Bereich zu schildern.
EN
The aim of the article is an analysis of expressing of death and dying present in Gdańsk funeral sermons of 17th an 18th centuries. Funeral sermons, which were characteristic mainly for protestant communities, developed in central Germany. Yet it turned out that Gdańsk can also boast about the collection containing 485 copies. The material for the analysis has been excerpted from title pages constituting integral parts of sermons and life histories of the dead containing descriptions of the scenes of death. In the research the particular attention has been paid to the expressions of death and dying: whether the predominant were the standardized ones or creative, literal or euphemistic. Their contexts have also been analysed.
PL
Określenia umierania i śmierci w gdańskich kazaniach pogrzebowych Celem artykułu jest analiza określeń umierania i śmierci zawartych w gdańskich kazaniach pogrzebowych pochodzących z XVII i XVIII wieku. Kazania pogrzebowe, charakterystyczne przede wszystkim dla gmin protestanckich, powstawały głównie w środkowych Niemczech. Okazuje się jednak, że zasobami liczącymi 485 egzemplarzy może się również pochwalić Gdańsk. Materiał do analizy został wyekscerpowany ze stanowiących integralną część kazań stron tytułowych oraz życiorysów zmarłych zawierających opis sceny śmierci. W badaniu zwrócono szczególną uwagę na to, czy przeważają zestandaryzowane czy kreatywne, dosłowne czy eufemistyczne określenia umierania i śmierci oraz w jakich kontekstach określenia te występują.
EN
The aim of the article is to show the level presented by chosen German‑Polish online dictionaries when it comes to the way of describing phraseme valency. In order to achieve it, the quality of outer and quality (semantic) valency characteristics of dictionary forms have been researched. This analysis allowed, among the others, to give an answer to the question whether predominance of electronic lexicography consisting, among the others, in overcoming some space limits, result in more precise information on phraseme valency and in which of the dictionaries this information is worked out in the best way.
PL
Das Ziel der Untersuchung ist festzustellen, welche Qualitat ausgewahlte deutsch‑polnische Online‑Worterbucher in Bezug auf die Darstellung der Valenz von Phraseologismen prasentieren. Um dies zu erreichen, werden die phraseographischen Nennformen einerseits auf ihre valenzbezogene Charakteristik hin, vor allem aber hinsichtlich der externen und qualitativen (semantischen) Valenz, uberpruft. Es soll in diesem Kontext auch der Frage nachgegangen werden, ob das Mehr der elektronischen Lexikographie, u.a. keine Platzgrunde beachten zu mussen, auf das Niveau der Valenzbeschreibung von Phraseologismen einen positiven Einfluss hat. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung geben die Antwort auf die Frage, in welchen Online‑Worterbuchern nachzuschlagen und von welchen Nachschlagewerken abzuraten ist.
Poradnik Językowy
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2020
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vol. 771
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issue 2
82-93
EN
CONDOLENCE, as an act of courtesy, belongs to acts of speech which might give rise to face threatening acts (FTA) and the resulting conflicts. On the one hand, the face of the mourner, who must find his or her way in the new extremely difficult situation, is threatened; on the other hand, the face of the speaker, whose task is to react properly to the fact of someone’s death, is threatened. What is helpful in avoiding confl icts is politeness strategies used by both senders and recipients. They constitute the research material excerpted from Polish and German obituaries and entries in books of condolence. The author of this paper has proved that both parties signalise there both positive politeness, which arises from the need of appreciation and support, and negative politeness, which is connected with the need of unlimited autonomy of acting. The nature of the performed analysis is pragmalinguistic and is based on the politeness theory of P. Brown and S.C. Levinson [1987], the focus of which is the concept of face understood as an image or representation.
PL
W wydawanym w latach 1949–2008 przez byłych Gdańszczan czasopiśmie Unser Danzig uwagę zwracają nie tylko teksty zaangażowane politycznie, ale również nekrologi dokumentujące drogi życiowe zmarłych i ich tęsknotę za utraconą małą ojczyzną. Ich funkcja polega nie tylko na zakomunikowaniu faktu czyjejś śmierci, ale również na zaakcentowaniu przynależności regionalnej zmarłego, co jest realizowane zarówno przy użyciu środków językowych, jak i pozajęzykowych.
EN
In the magazine Unser Danzig published by ex-citizens of Gdańsk in the years of 1949–2008, one must pay attention not only to politically-engaged texts, but also to obituaries which present lives of the deceased and missing their lost fatherland. The aim of these obituaries is not only to inform about someone’s death, but also to acccept the regional origin of the deceased, which is presented by linguistic and paralinguistic means.
EN
On the basis of survey carried out among students of German Philology the author states that the level of paremiological competence of people studying this subject rises year by year but only to a limited range. The number of students with very limited knowledge of proverbs gets smaller, yet the process should be intensified. Teaching paremiology at the academic level should be better thought over. The paremiological optimum authors ĎURČO can be a good starting point for academic teachers.
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Vorwort

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