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Myśl polityczna Jacka Kuronia

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PL
The paper analyzes an attempt at the reconstruction of political thinking and activities of Jacek Kuroń in 1964–1993.We shall take a look at the evolution of our protagonist’s outlook of life from a Marxist to a supporter of the social market economy and at the process of his shaping a set of ideas, values and views that describe his contemporary political thought. The historic background, activities of opposition groups, the organization and activity of political opposition in the People’s Republic of Poland are only outlined to an extent that was necessary in order to place the political platforms discussed and analyzed. The basic sources for the research are memoir publications, program  documents  and  the  abundance  of  press  publications  by  Jacek  Kuroń.
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Fenomen społeczno-polityczny Radia Maryja

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PL
December 2002 saw the 11th anniversary of the first transmission of Radio Maria from Toruń. It is beyond any doubt that the Radio is an actual phenomenon. Over a decade the station of the Redemptorists’ order has succeeded enormously. The reason for this success is an exceptional and original form of a prayer station that is a magnet for millions of listeners. The programs offered by the station from Toruñ are unique and have no counterpart on the media market. The program of Radio Maria is based on three pillars: prayer, catechism and contacting the audience. Particularly the contact with the listeners was decisive for the profound success of the station. It is the most „live” and „interactive” one in Poland. The station contacts its listeners „not only to exchange thoughts and opinions (which is the idea of the program called »Unfinished Conversations«, the first interactive program in Poland) but also to unite in prayer”.  
PL
Although the Solidarity Election Action (AWS) had been the first impressive attempt to unite right-wing groupings after 1989 which was effected in practice, it failed to develop a united, coherent image for the purpose of contacts with the media throughout the whole period it was in power. Reality showed that right-wing politicians failed to take advantage of the assets of the new grouping. Incompetence of its leaders and absence of a coherent policy quickly overshadowed the success of the Solidarity Election Action. As a consequence, Solidarity Election Action has wasted an enormous chance and failed to become a united group of the Polish right wing. Leaders of individual organizations composing the AWS did not give up their leaders’ ambitions, which became particularly significant towards the end of theAWS-UW(Solidarity Election Action – Liberty Union) coalition, when the right-wing block was eroding rapidly.
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EN
The transformation of a traditional attitude to the role of woman has become obvious in Poland. However, a stereotypical image of female nature is still retained despite the liberation laws introduced under the former political system. This is clearly reflected by commercial images. In order to win a potential customer, an advertising message must refer to his or her preferences, values and ideas. Therefore, if women are mainly occupied with household chores, this image is also reflected on TV. On the other hand, an increasing proportion of women have begun to realize their unequal status, they have obtained financial means to decide about their own life and choose a professional career, combined with having a family in which they are partners. These women are increasingly dissatisfied with a stereotypical image presented by advertising. As a consequence of the transformation, women are no longer shown in commercials as mothers and wives, but as independent consumers who decide what their needs are. Commercials will also have to acknowledge that women are not only preoccupied with their own bodies and are becoming consumers of the goods that have stereotypically been reserved for men.
PL
The political relationship between the United States of America and the USSR determined the international relations during the period of the „cold war”. The election of Mikhail Gorbachev to general secretary of the Communist Party was a turning point in international relations. Boris Yeltsin signed the agreement to disband the Soviet Union, which according to legal regulations was then transformed into Russia. B. Clinton, who accepted all of the decisions of Russian president, and also supported financially a number of new initiatives from B. Yeltsin, continued the good relationship between Russia and the USA instigated by G. Bush. The election of W. Putin to the Russian presidency was followed by a new strategy from Russia towards western countries, particularly towards the USA. Instead of following the strategy of partnership Putin tried to limit the influence of the USA on Russian policy. The situation changed after the terrorist attack on 11th Sept. when W. Putin, President of Russia, was one of the first world leaders to assure G. Bush in an official phone call that Russia intended to support all military action taken by the USAagainst the perpetrators. If Russia intends to have a great influence on the international political relations and take part in international policy it should change its position towards USA into one of partnership and co-operation.
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Fenomen „Gazety Wyborczej”

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PL
Since the first issue of „GazetaWyborcza”was published, onMonday 8thMay 1989, it has become a true phenomenon on the Polish press market. After two months from the first publication it became very popular due to the slogan created by A. Michnik „your President – our Prime Minister”. „Gazeta Wyborcza” as the first newspaper published in democratic Poland became more than the biggest source of information as it also had a great influence on shaping of the political opinions of many Poles. It also supported the „Solidarity” movement and the new government. „Gazeta Wyborcza” was the first newspaper in democratic Poland whereone could find uncensored articles addressed to people, respecting their expectations and the right to information free from censorship. There is no doubt that „Gazeta Wyborcza” created by Adam Michnik, editor-in-chief, has currently got as many readers as critics but it is impossible to remain  unaffected  by  its  content.
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