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EN
The article presents the discussions and voting of the titular representative bodies on the Polish issue in 1918. Analysis of transcripts of speeches and parliamentary discussions as well as their summaries and press debates showed that the issue of rebuilding the Polish state was considered by the parliaments of Prussia and the Reich in autumn of 1918 to have been decided, while issues that remained open included the degree of independence afforded to Poland, its attitude towards Germany and the shape of the Polish-German border. Both parliamentary forums provided politicians with an opportunity to present a broad, diversified spectrum of views on the Polish question.
EN
The article shows the most important military and diplomatic actions during the Napoleonic expedition to Russia in 1812 and the events of the years 1813 to 1814 in the territory of Middle Odra (the Provinces of Silesia and Brandenburg). Draws attention to the differences in Polish and Prussian – German perspective of looking at the war from the years 1812 to 1815. Until 1945 predominated the cult of these events, in 1945-1989 largely ignored them in silence, since 1989 restoredthem to thecollective memory, as a part of historical heritage, often attractive to tourists.
PL
Artykuł zawiera analizę wystąpień parlamentarnych posłów polskich w sejmie Prus i Rzeszy Niemieckiej, dotyczących Aktu 5 Listopada z 1916 roku. Podsumowując przytaczane w dyskusjach parlamentarnych głosy polskich posłów opozycyjnych, związanych głównie z Narodową Demokracją, oraz konserwatywnych lojalistów należy zauważyć, że ci pierwsi odnosili się do Aktu 5 Listopada sceptycznie, z licznymi zastrzeżeniami, natomiast drudzy przyjmowali Akt z wielkim zadowoleniem, jako otwierający ich zdaniem drogę do niepodległości Polski. Przedstawiciele orientacji na państwa Ententy wyrażali ubolewanie, że Akt dotyczy tylko części narodu polskiego, bez zaboru pruskiego, choć wówczas, na przełomie 1916 i 1917 roku, nie sformułowali jeszcze publicznie żądania jego włączenia do Polski. Proniemieccy lojaliści natomiast stali na gruncie pozostania zaboru w granicach Prus. Łączyła przedstawicieli wszystkich wymienianych orientacji krytyka polityki germanizacyjnej i oczekiwanie odejścia od niej przez władze. Było to dla polskich posłów probierzem rzeczywistych intencji władz Prus i Rzeszy w polityce polskiej w ogóle. Mieli oni w tej sprawie inną, znacznie bliższą perspektywę, niż politycy z dwóch pozostałych zaborów i z emigracji.
EN
The article presents an analysis of the parliamentary speeches made by the Polish MPs in the Parliament of Prussia and the German Empire on the Act of 5 November 1916. In this act Germany and Austro-Hungary announced the restoration of the Kingdom of Poland. To sum up the opinions expressed by the Polish opposition MPs, mainly ones associated with National Democracy and conservative loyalists, it is possible to say that the former were sceptical about the Act of 5 November and had a number of objections, whereas the latter accepted the Act with great satisfaction as a step towards Polish independence. Those in favour of an alliance with the Entente were unhappy about the fact that the Act only referred to part of the Polish nation, excluding the area under Prussian rule although at that time, at the turn of 1916 and 1917, they did not publicly announce the demand to include it in Poland. However, pro-German loyalists wanted that area of Poland to remain within the Prussian borders. The representatives of all the above mentioned options were united in their criticism of the policy of Germanization and the expectation that the authorities should put an end to it.
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