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EN
Marcin Król examines the current situation of Poland and the European crisis in the context provided by the 19th century. He elaborates on the political theories of Zygmunt Krasiński, which were based on the perception that Europe sets standards and norms that one should follow. Król raises the question of whether it is right to identify Europe with the European Union and presents arguments which suggest a negative answer. He concludes that Europe has ceased to exist as a role model.
EN
This article focuses on the liberalization process of the railway freight transport market in Poland between 1997 and 2009. It shows that the increase in traffic and the fall in prices that occurred in this period took place not because of ‘effective regulation’ but despite its absence. This can indicate that introducing competition in railway freight transport could be profitable where there is significant demand for bulk and containers freight services and the railway infrastructure is well-developed.
FR
L’article se concentre sur le processus de libéralisation du marche de transport ferroviaire de fret en Pologne dans les années 1997-2009. Il montre que l’augmentation du trafic et la baisse des prix dans cette période, n’ont pas eu lieu à cause de la “régulation efficace”, mais malgré son absence. Cela peut indiquer que l’introduction de la concurrence dans le transport ferroviaire de fret pourra être profitable s’il y a de la demande pour les services du trafic en vrac et par conteneur et si l’infrastructure ferroviaire est bien-developpée.
EN
The article is devoted to a phenomenon called vertical separation in the area of network industries. Vertical separation is understood as de-merging of infrastructure and delegating control over it to independent manager banned from operating on downstream markets which are subject to liberalisation. Arguments for and against these tendencies have been examined using the example of the European railway transport. The complete analysis presents vertical separation as a promising solution for the railway industry. One of the conditions for the success of this reform is forming of a close cooperative relationship, based on loyalty and trust, between the infrastructure manager and its clients – rail operators. Building such a relationship should be supported by the implemented regulatory policy.
PL
W pierwszej części artykułu autorzy prezentują powody, dla których władza publiczna decyduje się na przeprowadzenie tzw. separacji pionowej jako elementu reform liberalizacyjnych branż infrastrukturalnych. Następnie przedstawiają, jak przebiegała taka reforma w przypadku transportu kolejowego w Polsce. Wreszcie pokazują pilne i zarazem łatwe do przeprowadzenia kroki, jakie należy ich zdaniem podjąć, aby w pełniejszym stopniu wyzyskać prokonurencyjny potencjał zastosowanej w jej toku separacji pionowej.
EN
The first part of the article presents arguments behind the government’s decision to enforce vertical separation as an element of liberalization aimed at infrastructure sectors. The second part focuses on the actual implementation process of the Polish railway transport reform. A list of urgent and relatively easy to implement actions it put forth in the concluding remarks, which would enable the exploitation of the competitive potential stemming from vertical separation to a far greater extent than is currently the case.
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