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Wielogłos
|
2008
|
vol. 2
|
issue 4
PL
THE BOUNDARIES AND OUTBOUNDS OF HISTORY OF LITERATURE IN TIMES OF LIQUID POLISH STUDIESIn his article the author suggests that we should think over four fundamental hypotheses: That one cannot study the history of Polish literature (particularly abroad) without entering onto the fi eld of comparative literature.Historisising one or more literary works for the needs of a foreign recipient consists, on the whole, in the transposition of linguistic historical and cultural contexts; in other words, it has a lot in common with the normal translation process. It is precisely the history of literature (more than criticism, theory or even journalism and translation itself) that is the privileged fi eld of study of a foreign Polish scholar which allows him to undertake most effective academic, cultural or even political activities. By trying to avoid all forms of ideological Polocentrism, the new Polish literary historiography should therefore strive to emphasize most distinctly the various cultural, ethnic, religious and sex-and-gender oriented elements within the complex and often internally contradictory entity which we refer to as „Polish literature”, emphasizing at the same time the „cultural nature” of a literary work, that is all types of entanglements in culture.
EN
The Polish version of the article was published in “Roczniki Humanistyczne,” vol. 60 (2012), issue 1. This essay proposes a synthesis of the major themes and issues of Polish Dantism, with a particular reference to the 20th century and beyond. The author retraces the traditional motifs which connect 20th-century authors to the Romantic tradition, and discusses some examples (Gombrowicz, Vincenz, Miłosz) in a broader comparative context (referring specifically to Eliot, Mandelstam, Brodsky). The author argues that the Modernist ethical idea of “necessary Dante” tends to be gradually replaced by a Postmodernist notion of “aesthetic Dante,” with a flowering of new translations—not only of the Divina Commedia. These works restore a balance between Polish literary Dantism and Dante studies. In this sense, the Polish situation displays a lot of similarity to the European and international context, abundant with trends and concerns which go far beyond those of a national language and literature.
EN
This article presents a renewed attempt at explaining the cyclical nature of Jan Kochanowski’s Treny [Laments] in relation to their interpretative contexts, in particular that of Psałterz Dawidów [David's Psalter]. When poetically paraphrasing the Psalms, Kochanowski might have come across the medieval tradition of symbolic and arithmetic speculation, which, according to the author of this article, allows for a numerological reading of Treny within the framework of the idea of the humanitas / divinitas unity. This idea brings Kochanowski’s funeral cycle closer to both the Orphic-Pythagorean tradition, blended into a Christian humanist neo-Platonism, and the fundamental Christological truths in Christianity – from this perspective, the imperfection of the number 19 leads to the perfection of the number 1, which reflects the One (Giordano Bruno). At the same time, the author tries to prove that the given sequence of works in the cycle (for example, the special position of the number 11) strengthens and supports the dramatic nature of the thoughts of the poet, who is struggling with a personal tragedy.
PL
Artykuł stanowi ponowną próbę wyjaśnienia istoty cykliczności Trenów Jana Kochanowskiego w odniesieniu do ich kontekstów interpretacyjnych, w tym zwłaszcza Psałterza Dawidowego. Dokonując swej poetyckiej parafrazy Psalmów, Kochanowski mógł się zetknąć ze średniowieczną tradycją spekulacji symboliczno-arytmetycznej, co według autora dopuszcza możliwość lektury numerologicznej Trenów w ramach idei jedności humanitas / divinitas. Idea ta przybliża cykl żałobny Kochanowskiego zarówno do tradycji orficko-pitagorejskiej, wtopionej w humanistyczny neoplatonizm chrześcijański, jak i do podstawowych w chrześcijaństwie prawd chrystologicznych: w tej perspektywie niedoskonałość liczby 19 prowadzi do doskonałości liczby 1, oddającej prajednię (Giordano Bruno). Autor stara się przy tym udowodnić, że określona kolejność utworów w cyklu (na przykład szczególna pozycja numeru 11) wzmacnia i podbudowuje dramatyzm myśli poety, zmagającego się z osobistą katastrofą.
EN
This essay addresses issues of periodization, with a specific focus on the importance (or overvaluation) of the reconstruction of the Polish State and its effects and consequences on contemporary Polish culture and literature: in fact, 1918 was perceived as a turning point and as an ideal boundary between an old and a new era. At the same time, different opinions about the “limits of modernity” in Polish culture and literature were discussed, emphasizing the longue durée of such cultural macrophenomena as the “romantic paradigm” or “Sarmatian” mentality and their significant impacts on the processes of continuity and discontinuity of culture. Searching for a merely literary explanation for the periodization of this first troubled period of the “short century”, the author stresses the importance of two texts by Julian Tuwim, Spring (1918) and You All, Go Kiss My Ass (1938), which feature all the euphoria of the beginning and the drama of the end of the period. The article also offers an initial attempt at an Italian translation of the Tuwimian Poem in which the author politely but firmly implores the vast hosts of his brethren to kiss his ass.
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