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1

THE CHAPEL OF THE HOLY CROSS AND LYCEUM IN RIGA (Sv. Krusta kapela un licejs)

100%
Dirveiks I.
Makslas Vesture un Teorija
|
2006
|
vol. 6-7
102-111
EN
Research has allowed us to localize the medieval parts of the Chapel of the Holy Cross, to enrich our knowledge of the history of its construction and to explain the origins of the visible features. The east and west walls of the 15th century chapel have survived in fragments. The detail of the interior finish from the late 16th - early 17th century with text and figural painting on the east wall over the former altarpiece is a valuable discovery. Regardless of the accuracy of dating, the painting occupies an exceptional place in the history of sacral interiors in Riga because no figural interior paintings from the early-mid 17th century had so far been found. The base of the church altarpiece and parts of clay tiles covering the chapel floor has also been discovered. Excavation sites have revealed that the earth inside the chapel has been replaced during repeated digging in the 16th century. So there is little hope of discovering any burial plaques in the future. Vestiges from the Lyceum period are two windows of the east wall and floorboards on the 1st floor. It is clear that the present image of the building is that of a warehouse that has stood here for more than 200 years. Firstly, this impression is created by the division into two floors as well as the window and door frames from 1867, the open roof constructions and parts of a goods hoist. The warehouse interior also features various signatures (initials etc.). The scope of research was restricted, however. To research this medieval monument, more extensive archaeological excavations would be needed, including the whole site of the building. The origins of the chapel are the least known issue. The main question is why the west and east walls feature differently profiled foundations? Are the eastern foundations related to some more ancient (unconstructed?) building?
2

THE KABILE 'FEAST HOUSE' AND ITS FLOOR TILES (Kabiles 'Dziru nams' un ta gridas flizes)

100%
Dirveiks I.
Makslas Vesture un Teorija
|
2003
|
vol. 1
39-41
EN
This material focuses on a two-floor building located at the centre of the Kabile (Kabillen) manor complex in Kurzeme. The peculiar name 'Roe House' seemingly points to the function of keeping roes in the building. The brick building with four-pitched, tiled roof is a unique typological and architectonic example dating from the 17th century. The ground floor is vaulted and contains a decorated part of stove heating system, so far called a fire-place and dating from the 2nd half of the 17th century. The first floor features a wooden ceiling above the beam construction, later complemented by decorative ceiling made of yellow profiled boards. The floor covered with clay tiles has survived from the 2nd half of the 17th century. Several tiles feature imprints where two subjects can be discerned. One consists of two figures, a tree trunk and two dogs or wolves. The other displays a knight on horseback with a whip in his hands. The origins of imprints are unclear. They could be made by some 16th-century wooden object because sides of imprints have retained signs of wooden tissue. The Kabile 'Feast House' has no close analogies in Latvia. After the Nordic War, during the 2nd quarter of the 18th century, manor ensembles acquired more open layout. The new manor house in Kabile was more representative and adequate to the new circumstances - the old Feast House became outdated and presumably was used for household needs of storing grain and spirits. In the 1950s and 1960s mechanic workshops were housed in this building. The original window openings of the first floor were broken out. Additional openings caused wall deformation and water tank set up in the loft seriously damaged the roof construction. And yet the building will persist because since 2002 it has a proprietor who has carried out the most urgent restoration works. This object is still to be explored in respect to the history of the Kabile manor, especially concerning the less-known 17th century and the landlord Berch's family who was the former owner.
3

JURIS VASILJEVS AND RESEARCH OF THE SACRED ARCHITECTURE IN LATVIA (Juris Vasiljevs un Latvijas sakralas arhitekturas izpete)

100%
Dirveiks I.
Materiali Latvijas makslas vesturei
|
2008
|
vol. 7
155-177
EN
The architect Juris Vasiljevs (Yury Vasilyev, 1928-1993) is one of the most renowned specialists of sacred architecture history in Latvia in the second half of the 20th century. Research in the history of architecture is Vasiljevs' central vocation materialised in several dozens of scientific publications and two monographs. This contribution was made possible by the researcher's versatile personality that allowed solving general art-historical questions from the widest variety of aspects and differently from other opinions. The history of theories, hypotheses and conclusions related to research of the sacred architecture in Latvia is rich in successes, surprises and errors. Theoretical schemes devised by historians of art and architecture are in fact completely dependant upon the basic information - the primary source of written evidence and the object itself. It is known that archival records on the oldest monuments are very limited. So a major part of work concerns searches for influences and analogies, assessing the formal traits and the overall background of historical events. Many publications testify to respectable results. Still we should not forget that theories are based on a very flimsy ground - the idea of the architectural object itself. Research of sacred architecture faces objective difficulties conditioned by the specificity of churches. Detailed inspection of the building is largely possible only during major repairs and reconstruction works. These are rarely carried out in churches in comparison with, for instance, dwelling houses. Many generalisations and hypotheses are made after approximate visual inspection whose quality is directly dependant upon the researcher's experience, skill, responsibility and honesty. Incomplete basic information can generate a chain of further misunderstandings and errors. But there are several authors whose work in the phase of initial research has stood the test of time. One of the most prominent figures in the 2nd half of the 20th century is the architect Juris Vasiljevs. Vasiljevs' contribution to the history of Latvian art and architecture is considered several times. He maintained that high-quality research is possible only on the basis of a complex study.
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