In 1920-1950, Soviet authorities used different strategies in response to Ukrainian folklore. On the one hand, they recognised folklore as the “voice of the people”, while stressing the importance of oral traditions in the formation of the “new man”, thus encouraging the collection of folklore materials. According to Soviet ideologists, folklore can be seen as a source of inspiration for poets and musicians who create new songs for the working people. For some folklorists such ideas came as an incentive for creating a new “Soviet folklore”. For decades, the Soviet propaganda machine would widely imitate the traditional Ukrainian folklore expressed in oral form, while at the same time praising the pantheon of “communist saints”. Simultaneously, the Ukrainian Soviet folklore ignored Authentic Folklore, which was often highly critical of the Soviet reality.
W artykule omówiono wkład ukraińskiego księgoznawcy Leona Bykow-skiego (1895–1992) w rozwój polskiej nauki o bibliotekarstwie oraz pokazano jego zasługi w ratowaniu polskich zbiorów bibliotecznych podczas II wojny światowej. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono działalności bibliotecznej Bykowskiego w ekstremalnych warunkach powstania warszawskiego na przełomie lata i jesieni 1944 roku. Artykuł w dużej mierze jest napisany na podstawie wspomnień Bykowskiego, które były wydane po II wojnie świa-towej w Niemczech Zachodnich, Wielkiej Brytanii i USA. Podkreślone zostały szczególne dokonania dyrektora warszawskiej biblioteki w ocaleniu księgozbiorów znanych emigran-tów-Ukraińców oraz ukraińskich instytucji emigracyjnych, które w okresie powstania warszawskiego narażone były na zniszczenie.
EN
Leon Bykowski (1895–1992) was a Ukrainian bibliologist who in the interwar period found himself in Poland as a refugee from Ukraine occupied by the Bolsheviks. In the years 1928–1944 he worked at the Municipal Public Library of Warsaw, where he was responsible for completing the collections. During the German occupation, Bykowski was the director of this library. At that time, he was a lecturer at the Higher Courses in Library Studies andan he was also author of numerous scientific publications in the field of bibliology. The aim of the article is to present Bykowski’s role in the development of Polish librarianship science and to show his contribution to saving library collections during World War II. The article is written mostly the basis of Bykowski’s memoirs published after World War II in West Germany, Great Britain and the USA.
The article is devoted to the Ukrainian political folklore which was published in the inter-war press of the Ukrainian emigration. Some emigrant journals were published in Poland. The pages of these publications published political folklore which was banned in the USSR. The early publications of the anti-Soviet people’s satire have so far been poorly investigated by folklorists who were engaged in political folklore.
The article refers to the influences of the hetman as well as the monarchical idea on the Ukrainian cultural activism in the interwar period that is linked with the Greek Catholic Church. In this paper the influence of the Ukrainian conservatism activist Wiaczesław Łypyński on the journalism, the writers as well as the editors in the interwar period have been showed. The great attention has been paid to the role of Ukrainian activist in popularization of conservatism idea among the Ukrainian population of the interwar period in Poland.
The subject of reflection in the article is the role of the tradition of Cyril and Methodius in preserving the national identity of the Ukrainians in the northern regions of Romania (Maramures and Bukovina), where the vast majority of the Ukrainian population live. More than 80 percent of the Ukrainians in Romania are believers of the Romanian Orthodox Church. The others belong to the Greek-Catholic Church and the Protestant Churches. Despite the fact that the Ukrainian minority belongs to the same church, that Romanian majority, it has preserved its religious and national identity. An important factor in preserving this identity in the twentieth century was the usage of the Ukrainians in Romania of the Church Slavonic language for the prayers and liturgy. Currently, the faithful and the clergy of the Ukrainian autonomous structures in Romanian churches actively introduce into the liturgy and worship the Ukrainian language. Some Ukrainian priests consider that the usage of the Ukrainian language in church is a continuation of the Slavic mission of Cyril and Methodius.
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