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ANALIZA KONWERGENCJI POZIOMU ŻYCIA W POLSCE

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Muszyńska J., Müller-Frączek I.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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2014
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vol. 6
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issue 308
EN
The research discussed in the article concerned the level of living in Poland. The hypothesis of social convergence, understood as the process of assimilation (equalizing) of standard of living in the Polish provinces was verified. In contrast to earlier approach based on only one indicator, authors decided to construct a synthetic variable, reflecting different aspects of living. Two sets of diagnostic variables were considered. The first one described basic needs in the form of the indicator “share of household expenditure on food in total expenditure”, while in the second set, this group of needs has been omitted. To make analysis the most comprehensive, three different structures of synthetic variables were considered – measures of development by M. Cieslak, B. Strahl and W. Pluta. The changes of spatial differentiation of these measures and various types of convergence were studied. For both sets of variables and all considered measures the most common type of social convergence – beta type convergence was verified. Also the regions, which have a positive or negative impact on the speed of the process were indicated. Other types of convergence were not found. The main hypothesis of the study about assimilation of the average level of living in Poland was not unequivocally confirmed. However, the actual results of β-convergence seem to indicate that the processes of levelling the average standard of living between regions occur. Perhaps a period of study is too short for their verification on the basis of convergence sigma and gamma types.
PL
Badania omówione w artykule dotyczyły poziomu życia społeczeństwa w Polsce. Weryfikowano hipotezę o zachodzeniu konwergencji społecznej, rozumianej jako upodabnianie się województw pod względem poziomu życia mieszkańców. W przeciwieństwie do wcześniejszego podejścia opartego wyłącznie na jednym wskaźniku, zdecydowano się skonstruować zmienną syntetyczną, odzwierciedlającą różne jego aspekty, zarówno materialne jak i niematerialne. Rozważono dwa zestawy zmiennych diagnostycznych. W pierwszym uwzględniono potrzeby podstawowe w postaci wskaźnika „udział wydatków gospodarstw domowych na żywność w wydatkach ogółem”, natomiast w drugim zestawie ta grupa potrzeb została pominięta. Ponadto, aby analiza była jak najpełniejsza rozważono trzy różne konstrukcje zmiennych syntetycznych – mierników rozwoju wg M. Cieślak, B. Strahl i W. Pluty. Analizowano zmiany zróżnicowania przestrzennego tych mierników oraz badano konwergencje różnego typu. Dla obu zestawów zmiennych i wszystkich rozważanych mierników udało się potwierdzić najpopularniejszy rodzaj konwergencji społecznej – konwergencję typu beta. Wskazano również województwa, które mają pozytywny bądź negatywny wpływ na szybkość tego procesu. Pozostałych rodzajów konwergencji nie stwierdzono. Główna hipoteza pracy o przeciętnym upodabnianiu się poziomu życia w Polsce nie została więc jednoznacznie potwierdzona. Jednak realne wyniki β-konwergencji wydają się świadczyć o tym, że zachodzą procesy wyrównujące między regionami przeciętny poziom życia, ale być może zbyt krótki okres badania uniemożliwił ich weryfikację w oparciu o konwergencję typu sigma i gamma.
2
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THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE IN POLAND IN THE YEARS 2004-2011 – THE TAXONOMIC AND ECONOMETRIC ANALYSES

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Muszyńska J., Müller–Frączek I.
Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych
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2013
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vol. 14
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issue 2
118-128
EN
The aim of the paper was to assess the regional differentiation of the level of agriculture and its changes over time. Based on the synthetic measure of development the rankings of regions (provinces) were created. The objects were also classified and divided into groups of a similar level of agriculture. In addition, in order to identify the long-term tendency in this sector of economy, the process of -convergence of the level of agriculture has been studied. For the verification of hypotheses dynamic panel models were applied. All computations were performed in the Gretl, based on CSO data.
3
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THE CONVERGENCE OF THE ECONOMIC SIZE OF FARMS IN POLAND – THE ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS

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Muszyńska J., Müller-Frączek I.
Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych
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2014
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vol. 15
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issue 2
157-166
EN
The research discussed in the article concerned the level of development of agriculture in Poland. The main aim of the study was to verify the hypothesis of convergence of the economic size of farms. The analysis confirmed the existence of -convergence, however, showed no occurrence of σ-convergence and γ-convergence. Based on the results of the analysis of marginal vertical -convergence, Poland was divided into two clubs with different paths of development. In one of them the process of convergence was confirmed, but in the second one the phenomenon of divergence was revealed.
4
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Income inequality of households in Poland: A subgroup decomposition of generalized entropy measures

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Muszyńska J., Wędrowska E.
Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics
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2018
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issue vol. 22 no. 4
43-64
EN
A formula of measures applied to assess the level of income inequality results from the intellectual basis on which this approach is founded. Our paper focuses on Generalized Entropy measures. The aim of our paper is two-fold. Firstly, it aims at presenting GE measures and discussing their properties, especially the property of additive decomposition. Secondly, the empirical aim is to assess the level of income inequality in Poland and to indicate its main determinants. In the study we use microdata obtained from EU-SILC that cover information about incomes received by individual household members in 2016. Five factors are chosen as the possible drivers of income inequality. The study proves the characteristics related to human capital are the most influential factors of income variability between households. The characteristics describing the composition of the household contribute to the overall level of inequality to a smaller extent.
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