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PREČO EXTERIALISTICKÉ KRITÉRIÁ ZDÔVODNENIA PRINCIPIÁLNE ZLYHÁVAJÚ?

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Nuhlíček M.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
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2013
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vol. 20
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issue 1
37 – 49
EN
The article concerns two basic approaches to the problem of epistemic belief-justification: internalism and externalism. The article aims to showing that internalism as well as externalism, when confronted with the problem of philosophical scepticism, face various kinds of problems, which lead to implausibility of their respective accounts of justification. The author provides a special focus on the externalist approach which was invented as a direct response to the threat of scepticism. The central part of the article contains a brief analysis of main attributes of externalism, and subsequently its criticism which aims to showing that the criteria of justification proposed by externalists do not accomplish the basic function of distinguishing between justified and unjustified beliefs. The author argues that the discussed deficiencies of externalism result from its elementary rationale, which implies that they are incurable, and therefore the externalist criteria of justification inevitably fail.
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Hodnota filozofického skepticizmu

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Nuhlíček M.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
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2016
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vol. 64
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issue 5
675-690
EN
The aim of the first part of the article is to elucidate the nature of (modern) philosophical scepticism. The author defends the view that scepticism is not a homogenous doctrine, but a general label for heterogenous ways of sceptical argumentation. Sceptical argumentation is, in turn, understood to include any kind of philosophically relevant argument which aims at calling into doubt epistemically-valued qualities, especially knowledge. In the second part of the article the author focuses on the question of what constitutes the intrinsic value of philosophical scepticism. The author defends the thesis that philosophical scepticism has instrumental value as a tool for understanding knowledge. This thesis is the result of the application of a particularist approach to the problem of knowledge. Scepticism provides the material for thought experiments in the context of which findings about epistemic intuitions connected with knowledge can be revealed. In spite of this, scepticism is of value only in the form of a means and its value cannot be reduced to the value of other elements.
3

SPORY O CHARAKTER ZDÔVODNENIA V SÚČASNEJ ANALYTICKEJ EPISTEMOLÓGII

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Nuhlíček M.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2013
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vol. 68
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issue 6
517 – 522
EN
The controversy between internalists and externalists concerning the approach to justification is among central issues in contemporary analytic epistemology. In its first part, the paper briefly surveys the main points of controversy. In its second part, the author defends the view that internalist and externalist approaches are components of two different epistemological projects. If the presented view is true, then the controversy between internalism and externalism is in fact meaningless, because it does not concern the same subject.
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