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Публічна політика та вплив її суб’єктів на безпеку держави

100%

Кукуруз О.

Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona

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2016

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vol. 6

217-227

EN

The situation in the east of Ukraine actualized issues of the state security. The attempts to identify subjects of public policy, who influenced on reduce level of national security of Ukraine, are made in this article. The author considered different approaches to the definition of public policy, kinds of its subjects. Scientists understand public policy as a state policy; as society policy, which protects the society interests; associate it with transparent policy; define it as statements and activities of politicians who were promulgated. Different definitions of the public policy research showed that it depends on scientific interests of the researcher. For example, specialists of administrative law usually identify public policy with state policy, and therefore understand it as a program and activities of the state authorities. In the same time political scientists consider public policy widely, as programs, activities, power struggle of different political and social actors, whose ideas are promulgated and it can become part of state policy. Public policy is a very dynamic phenomenon in the modern world and has many features in each country. Transformation processes in different spheres of social life are still occurring in Ukraine. There are still no established mechanisms through which state policy can be formed and realized. Social and political forces use different ways of influence on decision-making by state authorities. Thus public policy in Ukraine do not need to be identified only with the state policy («American tradition»), but it need to be understood as a purposeful activity of active representatives of state authorities, social and political forces that have a clear goal, spread their ideas in society and try to implement it through legislation («European tradition»). The author offers subjects of public policy to divide into external and internal. Representatives of power of another state (states) and international political and social forces are external subjects of public policy. Representatives of state power, political and social forces of the same state (or one political union) are internal subjects of public policy. Expressions, statements, activities of representatives of Russian Federation (external subjects of public policy), which influenced on reducing level of national security of Ukraine, are given in this article. Also there are showed the list of subjects, who according to Ukrainian legislation, should detect and prevent threats to national security. Instead of this internal subjects of public policy made statements and accepted the legal acts that contained threats to the national security of Ukraine. The author noted the problems that became public reasons for conflicts in Ukraine. External and internal subjects of public policy mostly used the ethnic, linguistic and religious contradictions of Ukrainian society to reduce the security of t he state. Influence external and internal subjects of public policy on Ukraine security were powerful. Deliberate and well organized their activity was conducted in several directions and contained different ways: 1) forming of anti-Ukrainian ideology; 2) creating organizational structures which must spread this ideology (political parties, associations, and even religious organizations); 3) searching supporters of this ideology among representatives of state authorities; 4) implementation of main provisions of ideology in state policy; 5) adoption of legislation corresponding to this policy. This practice, according to the author, suggests that public policy is neutral notion. It doesn’t mean that this policy is created and implemented for benefit of society. This qualitative characteristic can be used only for some kinds of public policy, when its aim really is provide interests of society.

2

Інформаційна політика президентів Російської Федерації і Республіки Польща щодо України

100%

Кукуруз О.

Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona

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2018

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issue 8

41-50

EN

In 2013, Ukraine’s geopolitical choice was in the centre of attention of the whole world, began to take a significant part of the information space. For the authorities of the neighbouring states, it is important to know what is happening in Ukraine and, if possible, influence on situation. After the Revolution of Dignity, the annexation of the Crimea by the Russian Federation and the initiation armed conflict in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions, Ukrainian society must understand the political stance of Russia towards Ukraine. Also no less important is the position of the Republic of Poland regarding Ukraine, since it was this state until recently was considered the main advocate of Ukraine in the European Union. Information component of the foreign policy of the states in the XXI century has a decisive influence on the formation of public opinion, the position of international institutions, international relations, the image of society and the state in the world. The purpose of this article is to find out the goals of the information policy of the presidents of Russia and Poland concerning Ukraine in the period 2014–2017. The article shows: the essence of the concept of «information policy»; the existing characteristics of the information policy of Russia and Poland concerning Ukraine; the positions of the presidents of Russia and Poland concerning Ukraine, which were published on their official sites; similarities and differences in the positions of the Russian and Polish presidents toward to Ukraine. Having analyzed the public statements of the presidents of Russia and Poland concerning Ukraine in 2014–2017, the author finds some similarities and differences. For example, the Russian president, as a rule, tell about Ukraine and Russia’s role in issues related to Ukraine, while Polish presidents usually speak about Poland and Ukraine, focusing on Polish-Ukrainian relations. The Russian authorities, in the person of its president, divide Ukraine into power and people (the power is bad, the people need help). For the Polish authorities, at least until recently, in the official speeches of the presidents it was about Ukraine as a single whole (the people and the power that this people elected). In addition to the geopolitical interest of Russia and Poland to Ukraine, Russian authorities often tell about their economic interests in Ukraine; Poland authorities – about security issues (the dependence of the security of Poland and Europe as a whole on the situation in Ukraine). Russian authorities call the Ukrainian nationalists guilty of worsening Russian-Ukrainian relations. The Polish authorities also lately actualized the discussion of the activities of Ukrainian nationalists in the first half of the twentieth century. This issue has recently been the basis of modern PolishUkrainian relations. The comparison of the theoretical definitions of the concept of «information policy», which was presented at the beginning of the report and the practical aspects elucidated in the process of analyzing the public statements of the presidents of the two states in 2014–2017, gives possibility to formulate another conclusion. The information policy of the Polish president is more in line with the definition – the promulgation of the official position of the president of the state, informing the society of the goals and plans of activity, and attempts to obtain public support. Instead, the information policy of the Russian president, or rather the information geopolitics, is more oriented towards the use of technologies of information and psychological influence on the individual and mass consciousness in order to form the necessary public opinion, behaviours that will meet the goals defined by the authorities.

3

Політичні чинники створення права: сучасні тенденції в Україні та Польщі

100%

Кукуруз О.

Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona

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2014

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vol. 4

158-164

EN

In Ukraine the subject under analysis has been studied not enough. Some aspects of this issue have been researched by V. Gorbatenko, O. Kostenko, I. Kresina, O. Merezhko, N. Onishchenko, M. Teplyuk, Y. Shemshuchenko, O. Yushchyk. Polish scientists, such as T. Biernat, E. Kustra, R. Piotrovski, V. Staskevich, P. Vinchorek, S. Vronkovska, E. Vrublevsky have analyzed different models of law creation. It has been described two making law concepts: rational and developmental. The first concept determines law as a tool of the political authority for realization their aims. The authority always supposes, that it understands society needs better. This concept is grounded on belief that the social life can be regulated by consciousness and rational thought. According to the developmental concept the interaction between politics and law are multilevel and ambiguous. The making law process depends on activity of members of parliament and also legal possibilities of other people to influence on this process. Nowadays experts, lawyers, politicians are writing about poor quality of law. In Ukrainian and Polish scientific thought has appeared such notion as “inflation of law”. It means the negative phenomenon in the legislative process: the process of law creation that does not correspond to the real society needs. The norms of law, which regulate one object of social relation, are contradictory; responsibility for non-fulfillment of some functions is not defined; there is an ambiguous formulation of notions in law. Besides, some politicians and lawyers consider that enacting normative legal acts can immediately solve all problems. This process is called „instrumentalization of law”. The politicians and lawyers overlook customs, moral norms, traditions and agreements. Both processes – “inflation of law” and „instrumentalization of law” take place in Ukraine and Poland. Personal and professional competencies of individuals by whom the state policy and law are formed may be defined as the most important for Ukrainian and Polish societies. The factors which influence on their professional qualities are studied in this article. The way of getting power, the term in office and the ability to determine strategy of a state are analyzed in both countries. The law can be effective, if society is involved into discussion.

4

Правові форми впливу громадян на формування політики створення законодавства: українська та польська практика

100%

Кукуруз О.

Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona

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2015

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vol. 5

65-73

EN

The possibilities of influence of the Ukrainian and Polish citizens on a decisions and activity of legislators are analysed in this article. The basic legal forms of participation of citizens in law-creation are examined; the policy of law-creation are defined; the possible ways of improvement the dialog between citizens and legislators are determined. The athour analyses the Ukrainian and Polish legal acts, in which rights of citizens on an address, legislative initiative, access to public information, participation in consultations, in activity of public councils, lobbying are described. The different forms of citizens participation in social and political life are described the Ukrainian and Polish legislation, however there is a question about the effectiveness of such participation. Neither deputies nor representatives of government in Ukraine and in Poland are obliged to take into account opinion and suggestion of NGO in their final decisions or laws. They must collect information, work over it and then accept a responsible decision. The objective consideration of public opinion depends on those persons. Now it’s necessary to disseminate information among the citizens about the existent legal forms of their participation in creation of legislation. The dialog between the authority and society is necessary for development of the state. The basis of policy of law-creation must be a benefit for the most people.

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Публічна політика та вплив її суб’єктів на безпеку держави

Інформаційна політика президентів Російської Федерації і Республіки Польща щодо України

Політичні чинники створення права: сучасні тенденції в Україні та Польщі

Правові форми впливу громадян на формування політики створення законодавства: українська та польська практика