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Polskie regulacje prawne wybranych obszarów polityki antytytoniowej i antyalkoholowej a rozwiązania zastosowane w prawie rosyjskim i tureckim

100%
Kozłowska M., Owczarek M.
Profilaktyka Społeczna i Resocjalizacja
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2014
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vol. 24
21-46
PL
Wspólnym mianownikiem łączącym Polskę, Rosję i Turcję jest powszechna świadomość szkodliwości zarówno alkoholu jak i tytoniu. Celem niniejszej pracy jest sprawdzenie czy świadomość ta przekłada się również na podobne rozwiązania prawne zastosowane w tym zakresie. Poza rozważaniami dotyczącymi prawodawstwa podjęta zostanie również próba znalezienia możliwych przyczyn różnego podejścia do stosowania omawianych przepisów prawa w każdym z trzech analizowanych krajów. Artykuł został podzielony na trzy zasadnicze części. W pierwszej zostały omówione społeczne i prawne aspekty palenia tytoniu i spożywania alkoholu w Polsce. W drugiej części opisane zostały przepisy prawa tureckiego i rosyjskiego w powyższym zakresie. Następnie dokonane zostało porównanie rozwiązań prawnych wszystkich trzech omawianych krajów. Ostatnia część poświęcona została kwestii zróżnicowania w zakresie skuteczności zastosowanych przepisów.
EN
The widespread awareness of harmful effects of alcohol and tobacco consumption may be a common denominator for Poland, Russia and Turkey. The aim of the paper is to check whether this awareness is then translated into similar legal solutions. The authors reflect upon the legislation itself, and next venture to identify some possible causes for differences in approach to the said legislation in every of the three countries. The article is divided into three main parts. The first part discusses social and legal aspects of tobacco and alcohol consumption in Poland. Next, relevant Turkish and Russian legislation is described, and the comparison of legal solutions, as adopted by the three countries, is made. Finally, the authors discuss differences in the effective enforcement of the said legislation.
2
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Impact of atmospheric circulation on the occurrence of very strong and extreme cold stress in Poland

100%
Owczarek M., Tomczyk A. M.
Quaestiones Geographicae
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2022
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vol. 41
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issue 3
111-126
EN
The primary objective of the study was the determination of the spatial and multiannual variability of occurrence of days with very strong and extreme cold stress in Poland according to the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), as well as determination of baric conditions favouring their occurrence. The study was based on data from the years 1966/67 to 2018/19 from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute and National Centre for Environmental Prediction/National Centre for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR). The research showed a statistically significant decrease in the number of days with very strong and extreme cold stress on half of the analysed stations, and a slight tendency or no changes on the remaining stations. The occurrence of days with extreme cold stress in Poland, as revealed by the analysis was primarily related to the presence of high-pressure systems blocking zonal circulation. The study resulted in the designation of three circulation types, i.e. two types related to anticyclonic systems and one cyclonic type.
3
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Effect of regional baric systems on the occurrence of bioclimatic conditions in Poland

81%
Tomczyk A. M., Bednorz E., Szyga-Pluta K., Owczarek M.
Quaestiones Geographicae
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2023
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vol. 42
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issue 1
161-177
EN
The present study concerns the determination of the characteristics of bioclimatic conditions, as well as the synoptic situations related to the occurrence of thermal stress conditions, in Poland. The study was based on daily data obtained from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute from the period 1966–2020 for 37 synoptic stations in Poland. Based on the obtained data, values of the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) were calculated. The occurrence of heat stress increases from the north to the south, corresponding with the variability of influx of solar radiation, and is modified by factors at a smaller spatial scale. The results of this paper evidently point to the cooling effect of the waters of the Baltic Sea. In circulation conditions favouring strong and very strong heat stress, e.g. in two of the designated circulation types (T1 and T2), the occurrence of an expansive high-pressure ridge in the Atlantic-European area is typical, stretching from the region of the Azores High towards the north-east, with a secondary high developed within its boundaries. In the third of the designated circulation types (T3), the high-pressure area extends from the Azores eastwards, reaching the Black Sea. Each of the three circulation patterns associated with the unfavourable biometeorological conditions of very strong and extreme cold stress in Poland is characterised by strong pressure centres formed in the Euroatlantic region, triggering the airflow from the northern (T4) or eastern (T5, T6) sector.
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