The status of the human embryo is the subject of discussion in many environments. The way of perceiving many other bioethical issues depends on the solution to this problem. The Church also takes part in the discussion - in its official teaching as well as in more specialized sectors of its life. The works of Papal Academy „Pro Vita” constitute such a voice of the Church. It gathers scientists from such branches of science as philosophy, law and, first of all, medicine. In 2006 a session of the Academy took place and it was devoted to the status of the human embryo. The subject was formulated in two basic aspects: the biological status and the ethical status. The first one is about determining the biological structure of the embryo as an independent, unique structure typical for a human being. The second one is about determining its individuality, human distinction and dignity which demands protection and respect appropriate for a human being.
L’articolo ha per lo scopo di studiare quale è lo spazio di svolgimento dell’azione sacerdotale dei cristiani secondo il libro d’Apocalisse. Le diverse opinioni riguardo allo spazio di svolgimento dell’azione sacerdotale hanno diventato il punto di partenza per studiare il tema: „Lo spazio di svolgimento del sacerdozio dei cristiani nell’Apocalisse”. L’articolo racchiude due parti. Nella prima è stato esposto il problema che ha mostrato la presenza del tema del sacerdozio nell’Apocalisse come pure le opinioni riguardo allo spazio delle funzioni dei cristiani-sacerdoti. La seconda parte contiene l’esegesi dei tre testi. Dall’analisi di essi risulta che l’ambiente in cui i cristiani-sacerdoti svolgono le loro funzioni sacerdotali ha sopratutto la dimensione terrestre. I fedeli che hanno ricevuto la dignità sacerdotale fin dall’inizio della loro vita cristiana, cioè dal loro battesimo, svolgono in diversi modi la loro attività che è stata segnata da questa dignità lungo la storia del mondo. Il loro particolare nella realizzazione della loro dignità sacerdotale si mostra nella loro vita nei confronti delle forze ostili. La loro azione sacerdotale si realizza allora nell’atteggiamento di fedeltà e nella prontezza di offrire la propria vita nel martirio.
The issue of lay apostolate understood as the engagement of the whole Church in the preaching of the Gospel must be referenced to the sacrament of baptism as its source. The source nature of baptism can be seen in several aspects. The following are the main two. The first one is the inclusion by baptism into the Church, which is apostolic and missionary by its nature. The Church fulfills the apostolic task by both the consecrated and involved in the sacramental priesthood as well as all the baptized laity. Baptism, which includes into the Church, is the act of salvation which enables us to carry out the tasks of the Apostles. The second aspect is the participation in the triple dignity of Christ - the priestly, prophetic and kingly. In all of these three concepts is hidden the mystery of communion with Christ, who himself being the first to preach the Gospel, enables and calls all the baptized to this task.In both these aspects the crucial and source role is played by the sacrament of baptism.
PL
Zagadnienie apostolstwa świeckich pojmowane jako włączenie się w głoszenie Ewangelii przez cały Kościół odniesione musi być do sakramentu chrztu jako jego źródła. Źródłowy charakter chrztu widoczny jest w kilku aspektach. Podstawowymi są następujące dwa. Pierwszym jest włączenie przez chrzest do wspólnoty Kościoła, który z natury jest apostolski i misyjny. Zadanie apostolskie Kościół wypełnia zarówno przez osoby konsekrowane i mające udział w kapłaństwie sakramentalnym, ale także przez wszystkich świeckich ochrzczonych. Chrzest włączający w Kościół jest więc tym aktem zbawczym, który uzdalnia do realizowania zadań apostolskich. Drugim aspektem jest udział w potrójnej godności Chrystusa - kapłańskiej, prorockiej i królewskiej. We wszystkich tych trzech pojęciach kryje się tajemnica jedności z Chrystusem, który sam będąc pierwszym głoszącym Ewangelię uzdalnia i powołuje wszystkich ochrzczonych do tego zadania.W oby tych aspektach istotną i źródłową rolę spełnia sakrament chrztu.
The article presents the issue of measuring traces on vehicles by experts directly from photographs. Tests were carried out, including an analysis of the dimensioning accuracy of perpendicular and oblique photographs, and the possibility of using a photogrammetric transformation of a single oblique photograph to restore its perpendicularity to the photographed object was examined, so that the photograph was cartometric again.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono problematykę wymiarowania przez biegłych śladów na pojazdach bezpośrednio ze zdjęć. Przeprowadzono badania wraz z analizą dokładności wymiarowania z fotografii prostopadłych, ukośnych oraz zbadano możliwość zastosowania transformacji fotogrametrycznej pojedynczego zdjęcia ukośnego w celu przywrócenia jego prostopadłosci do fotografowanego obiektu tak, aby zdjęcie ponownie było kartometryczne.
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