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1
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Analysis of the impact of nano-zinc, nano-iron, and nano-manganese fertilizers on chickpea under rain-fed conditions

100%
Sabaghnia N., Janmohammadi M.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio C – Biologia
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2015
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vol. 70
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issue 2
EN
Nanotechnology is an emerging field of science widely exploited in many scientific fields but its application in agriculture is rarely studied in the world. In the current study, application of nanotechnology in agricultural via the application of some micronutrient nano-fertilizers (nano-zinc, nano-iron, and nano-manganese) and different sulfur fertilizers have been investigated. Three levels of sulfur fertilizer (S1: no application, S2: 15 Kg ha-1, S3: 30 Kg ha-1) and three micronutrients nano-fertilizer (Nano1: nano-chelated zinc, Nano2: nano-chelated iron, and Nano3: nano-chelated manganese) were studied on some morphophysiological traits of chickpea. Results showed that the first two principal components of treatment × trait (TT) biplot accounted to 56% and 18% respectively of total variation. The vertex treatments in polygon biplot were S1-Nano2, S1-Nano3, S2-Nano1, S3-Nano1, and S3-Nano2 which S3-Nano1 treatment indicated high performance in day to maturity, plant height, first pod height, primary branch per plants, secondary branch per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant and 1,000 seed weight. According to vector-view biplot, seed yield was positively associated with the number of pods per plant, harvest index and day to maturity. The ideal treatment identified the S3-Nano1 (30 kg ha-1 sulfur plus nano-chelated zinc) that might be used in selecting superior traits and it can be considered as the candidate treatment. The ideal trait of biplot showed that seed yield had the highest discriminating ability and they were the most representative and as the final target trait of producers, it has the ability of discrimination among different treatm ents. The best fertilizer treatment for obtaining of high seed yield was identified in the vector-view function of TT biplot as S3-Nano1 (30 kg ha-1 sulfur plus nano-chelated zinc).
2
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Effect of nano-silicon particles application on salinity tolerance in early growth of some lentil genotypes

100%
Sabaghnia N., Janmohammadi M.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio C – Biologia
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2014
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vol. 69
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issue 2
EN
Twenty-five lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.) genotypes were studied to evaluate the effects of the SiO2 nano-particles on plants under salt stress. The experiment was a 3×25 factorial arrangement with three levels of treatment solutions as (T1) distilled water as control, (T2) 100 mM NaCl concentration and (T3) 1 mM nano-silicon dioxide concentration plus 100 mM NaCl concentration, and 25 levels of lentil genotypes. Results showed a significant reduction in germination percent and seedling growth due to the salinity stress while significantly increased with silicon nano-particles application. The germination percentage, shoot length, root length, seedling fresh weight and seedling dry weight traits showed significant differences among lentil genotypes in treatment solutions. Results indicated that adding SiO2 nano-particles could improve germination and seedling early growth under salinity stress and the related traits were increased in all of lentil genotypes. Overall, application of SiO2 nano-particles was beneficial in improving salinity tolerance in the lentil seedling and its application may stimulate the differences defense mechanisms of plants against salt toxicity.
3
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Responses of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) var. Agria to application of bio, bulk and nano-fertilizers

81%
Janmohammadi M., Sabaghnia N., Nouraein M., Dashti S.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio C – Biologia
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2015
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vol. 70
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issue 2
EN
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), is one of the important crops grown in the world which is important as food and nutritional security option at the global level. The experiment was laid out as randomized complete block design in three replications with six nutrition treatments consisted of control, NPK, Mog bio-fertilizer, Nano-Ca, Nano-Zn+B and Nano-Com. The treatment-by-trait (TT) biplot analysis was applied to data to examine its usefulness in visualizing relationships among trait as well as treatments and showed that the first two principal components accounted 80% of total variation. Tuber yield, mean tuber diameter, mean tuber weight, tuber weight per plant, starch content of initial fresh, number of tubers per plant, number of leaves and dry matter content were in the same sector, with Nano-Com fertilizer treatment as the best treatment. Based on ideal entry biplot, the Nano-Com treatment is closest to the position of an ideal treatment and it is ranked the highest in term of morphological performance. Also, the best fertilizer treatment for obtaining of high tuber yield could be found as Nano-Com treatment following Nano-Zn+B treatment. The studied nanofertilizers showed a good potential compared to the commercial bulk and bio fertilizers.
4
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Evaluation of some agro-morphological traits diversity in Iranian bread wheat genotypes

81%
Sabaghnia N., Janmohammadi M., Segherloo A. E.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio C – Biologia
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2014
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vol. 69
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issue 1
EN
Variation of traits is a primary need of any plant breeding effort that involves the natural evolution and causes sustainable crop production under different environments. Fifty six bread wheat genotypes grown during the growing season of 2012/2013 were evaluated for variability characteristics for eighteen traits i.e., stem diameter, plant height, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, tiller number, internode length, peduncle length, spike length, floret number, spikelet number, grain number, awn length, grain diameter, grain length, number of days to flowering, thousand seed weight and grain yield. Significant differences were observed for all the traits studied, indicating a considerable amount of variation among wheat genotypes for each trait. The estimates of the coefficient of variation (CV) were high for grain yield and number of tillers per plant. Spike length varied from 8.95 in G28 to 4.74 in G40, while genotype G20 had the maximum floret number (19). According to thousand seed weight, genotype G55 had the maximum thousand seed weight (45.57 g) and genotype G4 had the maximum grain yield performance (6936.3 kg ha-1). The information on diversity among the agro-morphological traits of the studied wheat genotypes will be helpful to plant breeders in constructing their breeding materials and implementing selection strategies.
5
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Assessment of genotype × trait interaction of rye genotypes for some morphologic traits through GGE biplot methodology

81%
Yari S., Sabaghnia N., Pasandi M., Janmohammadi M.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio C – Biologia
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2017
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vol. 72
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issue 1
EN
Effective interpretation of the data on breeding programs is important at all stages of plant improvement and the genotype by trait (GT) biplot was used for two-way wheat dataset as genotypes with multiple traits. For this propose, 18 rye genotypes with specific characteristics were evaluated in randomized block design with four replications. The GT biplot for rye dataset explained 61% of the total variation of the standardized data (the first two principal components explained 40 and 21% respectively). The polygon view of GT presented for 11 different traits of rye cultivars showed six vertex cultivars as G1, G3, G6, G8, G11 and G13 whose genotype G8 had the highest values for most of the measured traits. Generally based on vector view, ideal genotype and ideal tester biplots, it was demonstrated that the selection of high seed yield will be performed via seed number per spike, first internode weight, number of spike per area and harvest index. These traits should be considered simultaneously as effective selection criteria evolving high yielding rye cultivars because of their large contribution to seed yield. The genotypes G8 and G7 following to genotypes G3, G18 and G19 could be considered for the developing of desirable progenies in the selection strategy of rye improvement programs.
6
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Fluorescencja chlorofilu w odpowiedzi pszenicy na egzogenną aplikację regulatorów wzrostu w stresie suszy

81%
Mohammadi H., Janmohammadi M., Sabaghnia N.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio C – Biologia
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2015
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vol. 70
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issue 1
EN
Drought stress negatively affects plant photosynthesis and disturbs the electron transport activity. Evaluation of the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters might reflect influence of the environmental stress on plants and can be applied as an indicator of the primary photochemistry of photosynthesis. In current study the effect of foliar application of benzylaminopurine (BAP, a synthetic cytokinin) and abscisic acid (ABA) on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of relatively drought tolerant (Pishtaz) and susceptible (Karaj3) bread wheat genotypes under well watered and terminal water deficit condition have been evaluated. Terminal drought was induced by withholding water at anthesis stage (Zadoks scale 65). Results showed that coefficient of non-photochemical quenching of variable fluorescence (qN), quantum yield of PS II photochemistry (ΦPSII) and photochemical quenching (qP) were affected by hormone spray treatments. So that evaluation of parameters at 7 day after foliar treatments revealed that ABA significantly increased electron transport rate (ETR) and qN while considerably decreased ΦPSII, gs and maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm). However exogenous application of cytokinin could increase gs, Fv/Fm and ΦPSII and the highest value of these parameters was recorded in cytokinin treated plants of Pishtaze cv. under well watered condition. Nevertheless, evaluation of the parameters in different periods after spraying showed that with approaching the maturity stage some traits like as gs, Fv/Fm and ETR significantly decreased in both genotypes. Evaluation of gs and Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of genotypes between different irrigation levels showed that although cv. Pishtaz showed higher performance of PSII under well watered condition, it failed to maintain its superiority under stress condition. This finding suggests that some more responsive parameter like gs, Fv/Fm and ΦPSII can be considered as reliable indicator for understanding the biochemical and physiological effects of exogenous application of phytohormones under terminal drought stress.
PL
Stres suszy wpływa negatywnie na fotosyntezę roślin oraz zakłóca transport elektronów. Ocena parametrów fluorescencji chlorofilu może odzwierciedlać wpływ stresu środowiskowego na rośliny i może być stosowana jako wskaźnik pierwotnych reakcji fotochemicznych fotosyntezy. W prezentowanych badaniach oceniano wpływ dolistnego stosowania benzyloaminopuryny (BAP, syntetyczna cytokinina) i kwasu abscysynowego (ABA) na parametry fluorescencji chlorofilu w stosunkowo odpornych na suszę (Pishtaz) i podatnych (Karaj3) genotypach pszenicy w warunkach dobrego nawodnienia i skrajnego deficytu wody. Krańcową suszę wywoływano w fazie kwitnienia (65 w skali Zadoks). Wykazano, że współczynnik niefotochemicznego wygaszania fluorescencji (qN), wydajność kwantowa reakcji fotochemicznych PS II (ΦPSII) i fotochemiczne wygaszanie (qP) ulegały zmianom po opryskiwaniu liści hormonami. Ocena parametrów po 7 dniach od dolistnego podania hormonu wykazała, że ABA znacząco zwiększa sprawność transportu elektronów (ETR) i qN, znacznie zmniejsza ΦPSII, gs i maksymalną wydajność kwantową fotosystemu II (Fv/Fm). Jednak egzogenne zastosowanie cytokininy może zwiększyć gs, Fv/Fm i ΦPSII, a najwyższą wartość tych parametrów odnotowano w traktowanych cytokininą roślinach odmiany Pishtaze w warunkach dobrego nawodnienia. Ocena parametrów w różnych okresach po oprysku wykazała, że w bardziej dojrzałych roślinach wskaźniki takie jak gs, Fv/Fm i ETR znacznie zmniejszyły się w obu genotypach. Ocena gs i parametrów fluorescencji chlorofilu genotypów w warunkach różnych poziomów nawodnienia wykazała, że chociaż genotypy Pishtaz wykazały wyższą wydajność PSII w stanie dobrego nawodnienia, nie udało się utrzymać przewagi w warunkach stresu. Odkrycie to sugeruje, że niektóre bardziej czułe parametry takie jak gs, Fv/Fm i ΦPSII mogą być wiarygodnym wskaźnikiem dla zrozumienia biochemicznych i fizjologicznych efektów egzogennego stosowania fitohormonów w warunkach krańcowego stresu suszy.
7
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Genotypic response of barley to exogenous application of nanoparticles under water stress condition

81%
Ghorbanian H., Janmohammadi M., Ebadi-Segherloo A., Sabaghnia N.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio C – Biologia
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2017
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vol. 72
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issue 2
EN
Beneficial nanoparticles (SiO2 and TiO2) can have various profound effects on the crop physiological, biochemical and morphological characteristics. Here, we evaluated the mitigation of drought stress in barley genotypes by foliar application of SiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles under filed condition in North West of Iran. Nanoparticles were foliar applied in late vegetative phase and during reproductive stages. Drought was imposed at by irrigation withdrawals during the dry months in the end of the growing season. We measured parameters related morphological growth, yield, and yield component. The genetic diversity between the genotypes was quite evident and the highest seed yield and yield component were recorded for G1, G2, G4, G11, G12 and G13. Foliar application of nanoparticles considerably affected the plant height, thousand seed weight, biological and seed yield. The best performance was observed for plant treated with SiO2 nanoparticles. Spike length of G2, G6, G13 and G20 considerably responded to nano silicone foliar application. However, the best results for G8, G11 and G20 were obtained by foliar application TiO2 nanoparticles while this treatment decreased the seed yield components in G1, G5, G9, G10, G15 and G20. This could be due to genetic variation between the evaluated genotypes and high sensitivity of some genotypes to the applied concentration. The results of current study showed that application of SiO2 nanoparticles under water stress condition could have more beneficial effects on yield component of barley genotypes.
8
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The effect of concomitant use of nano-structured essential metals and sulfur on growth characteristics of safflower

71%
Janmohammadi M., Seifi A., Sabaghnia N., Aghaee A., Dashti S.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio C – Biologia
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2016
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vol. 71
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issue 1
EN
Deficiencies of zinc, manganese and iron are common in calcareous soils of arid and semiarid regions due to their reduced solubility alkaline conditions. However, sustainable crop production is essential for growing population. Sulfur fertilizers can increase micronutrients availability by decreasing soil pH. In order to investigate the influence of nano-chelated essential metals (Zn, Mn, Fe) and sulfur application (zero and 40 kg ha-1) an experiment was carried out in Maragheh, northwest of Iran. Phenological development, morphological and agronomic traits significantly responded to both factors. Results revealed that application of sulfur fertilizer considerably increased morphological traits such as ground cover, stem diameter, plant height and capitulum diameter. Mean comparison between nano-chelated metal showed that the highest value for seed yield and yield components (number of the capitulum per plants, seed number per capitulum and seed weight) was achieved through the application of nano-chelated Zn. The best performance was related to combined application of sulfur and nano-chelated Zn which was followed by nano-chelated Fe. Seed oil content was only affected by nano-metals, so the highest value was obtained by application of nano-chelated Zn. Overall our finding revealed that integrated application of sulfur and essential metals, especially Zn, is required to grow safflower successfully on calcareous soils. The efficiency of nano-chelated fertilizers can be noticeably increased by balanced nutrient management in semi-arid regions.
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