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1

Szkic prześladowań antyżydowskich od antyku do XX wieku

100%

Stachula A.

Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie

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2011

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vol. 16

215-235

EN

The article is an attempt of outlining the anti-Jewish persecutions from ancien times to the twentieth century. Negative attitudes towards Jews were caused by various motives – from religious, economical to racial ones. When considering anti-Semitic incidents which took place in the Third Reich, one can find a great similarity with activities against the Jews in the past – anti-Jewish legislation, a yellow Star of David badge bearing, deprivation of property, acts directed against the Jewish culture and heritage, social exclusion and isolation in ghettos. The specificity of Nazi Policy towards Jews made anti-Jewish acts not only a goal in itself but this was just the first step towards total extermination of the Jewish population. On the one hand, Holocaust encompasses xenophobic persecution activities, which through the centuries were solidified in European awareness as recurrent, common, occurring collective repulsion against “strangers”; on the other hand one can find here an element of a nihilistic innovation in murder and radicalism of “the final solution of the question” – this never happened in previous centuries, even in extreme Anti-Semitism or any other racialist or chauvinistic ideas.

2

Szkic prześladowań antyżydowskich od antyku do XX wieku

100%

Stachula A.

Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie

|

2012

|

vol. 17

397-417

EN

The article is an attempt of outlining the anti-Jewish persecutions from ancient times to the twentieth century. Negative attitudes towards Jews were caused by various motives – from religious, economical to racial ones. When considering anti-Semitic incidents which took place in the Third Reich, one can find a great similarity with activities against the Jews in the past – anti-Jewish legislation, a yellow Star of David badge bearing, deprivation of property, acts directed against the Jewish culture and heritage, social exclusion and isolation in ghettos. The specificity of Nazi Policy towards Jews made anti-Jewish acts not only a goal in itself but this was just the first step towards total extermination of the Jewish population. On the one hand, Holocaust encompasses xenophobic persecution activities, which through the centuries were solidified in European awareness as recurrent, common, occurring collective repulsion against “strangers”; on the other hand one can find here an element of a nihilistic innovation in murder and radicalism of “the final solution of the question” – this never happened in previous centuries, even in extreme Anti-Semitism or any other racialist or chauvinistic ideas.

3

Kręgi piekielne Holokaustu. Czy metafora „piekło dantejskie” jest adekwatna w stosunku do Zagłady?

100%

Stachula A.

Studia Żydowskie. Almanach

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2012

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vol. 2

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issue 2

225-233

EN

The experience of the Holocaust is hard to express in the present, free world by people who have never experienced life in the ghetto or in the concentration camp. The best way to make the experiences of the extermination period is reference to the tradition shaped by the symbolism of hell. The metaphor of “The Dante’s hell”, ho-wever, seems to be too narrow in relation to the victims of the Holocaust. Neverthe-less, the use of the hell metaphor in relation to the experience of the Holocaust is mo-tivated. By delving into what is common to humanity becomes more likely, though not quite possible, to understand the experience of the Shoah.

PL

Doświadczenie Holokaustu jest trudne do wyrażenia w dzisiejszym, wolnym świecie przez ludzi, którzy nigdy nie doświadczyli życia w getcie czy w obozie koncentracyjnym. Najlepszym sposobem przybliżenia doświadczeń okresu zagłady jest odwołanie się do tradycji ukształtowanej przez symbolikę piekła. Metafora „piekła Dantego” wydaje się jednak zbyt wąska w odniesieniu do ofiar Holokaustu. Niemniej użycie metafory piekła w odniesieniu do doświadczenia Holokaustu jest bardzo interesujące. Poprzez zagłębienie się w to, co wspólne dla ludzkości, staje się bardziej prawdopodobne, choć nie całkiem możliwe, zrozumienie doświadczenia Zagłady.

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2 Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie

1 Studia Żydowskie. Almanach

3 Stachula A.

2 2012

1 2011

Szkic prześladowań antyżydowskich od antyku do XX wieku

Szkic prześladowań antyżydowskich od antyku do XX wieku

Kręgi piekielne Holokaustu. Czy metafora „piekło dantejskie” jest adekwatna w stosunku do Zagłady?