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Założenia ontologiczne i epistemologiczne sceptycyzmu Montaigne’a

100%
Sołtysiak M.
Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia
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2019
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vol. 14
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issue 4
69 - 87
EN
Montaigne is widely regarded as one of the most significant sceptics of the 16th century. His most important work, Essays, had a great impact on the thinkers of the 16th and 17th centuries, in particular on the philosophy of Descartes. The article presents Montaigne’s critique of senses and reason as sources of human knowledge. The elements of his scepticism that went beyond the sceptic arguments of ancient thinkers has been emphasized. The negative role of his ontological variabilism in knowing things has been underlined. As a result of the total criticism of the possibilities of human cognition made by the author of the Essays, attention has been paid to the non-sceptical type of the question posed by him: “What do I know?” (“Que sais-je?”). The answer to this question led him to fideism in cognition. At the end of the article, an attempt has been made to indicate Montaigne’s main epistemological and metaphysical assumptions that contributed to the problem of cognition. It has also been highlighted in what way the understanding of reason, method, and, above all, self became for Descartes, unlike Montaigne, the foundation of certain knowledge.
2
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Relacja między wszechmocą Bożą a prawdami wiecznymi w filozofii św. Tomasza z Akwinu, Franciszka Suáreza i Kartezjusza

100%
Sołtysiak M.
Przegląd Religioznawczy
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2024
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issue 1(291)
25-38
EN
The aim of this article is to show the relationship between God’s omnipotence and eternal truths in the thought of St. Thomas Aquinas, Francis Suárez and Descartes. In the presented work, I limit myself to those aspects of the thoughts of the first two philosophers that allow us to better understand the originality of Descartes’ position. At the beginning of the article, I point out the similarities and differences in their understanding of the nature of God’s omnipotence and eter-nal truths. In its later part, I present Suárez’s criticism of the concept of St. Thomas Aquinas. In the main part, however, I show Descartes’ arguments for rejecting the concept of God’s omnipo-tence and the “situation” of eternal truths in relation to God’s intellect by his predecessors. I also draw attention to the motives that led Descartes to a radical approach to the relationship between God’s omnipotence and the eternal truths dependent on it. Finally, I demonstrate the influence of his concept on the development of modern science.
3
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Alegoria w tradycji hermeneutycznej. Gadamerowska rehabilitacja alegorii

100%
Sołtysiak M.
Logos i Ethos
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2016
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vol. 42
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issue 2
75-101
EN
The notion of allegory is bounded with rhetorical and hermeneutic traditions. In the rhetorical tradition allegory is a technique of encrypting given content. However, when we consider the need of deciphering this content, we face the hermeneutic interpretation of allegory. Allegory becomes a tool of interpretation. Thanks to applying allegory one can reveal a hidden truth of the text. This paper is an attempt to present allegory in the latter meaning – in hermeneutic tradition. Its hermeneutic meaning – form ancient Greece to the Baroque – was bounded with dogmatic interpretation of a message. Homer was the first one who applied allegory into interpretation of the myths. In the time of Patristics a need of allegorical understanding of the Holy Scripture appeared. In medieval times allegory played double role: philosophical-theological and aesthetical.The meaning of allegory was first contested in its appliance into Bible in the time of the Reformation. The last period of confidence with allegory was the Baroque. A downturn of its applying as a tool of reaching the truth started at the age Enlightenment. Gadamer claims, that Kant’s aestheticization of the art was mainly responsible for depreciation of allegory, as according to Kant the only thing that a work of art presents us is beauty.Gadamer objects to Kant’s aestheticization of art. As a result of rehabilitation of allegory he contested aestheticization of a work of art and its narrowing to a product of a genius. In his view, in our experience of a work of art not only we face beauty but also a truth about ourselves and the world sorrounding us.
PL
Pojęcie alegorii związane jest z tradycją retoryczną i hermeneutyczną. W tradycji retorycznej alegoria jest techniką szyfrującą określone treści. Natomiast kiedy brana jest pod uwagę potrzeba odszyfrowania tych treści, to mamy do czynienia z jej interpretacją hermeneutyczną. Alegoria, a dokładniej mówiąc alegoreza, staje się wówczas narzędziem interpretacji. Dzięki jej zastosowaniu można wydobyć ukrytą prawdę tekstu. W artykule podjęto próbę przedstawienia alegorii w jej drugim znaczeniu, czyli w tradycji hermeneutycznej. Jej hermeneutyczne znaczenie od starożytnej Grecji aż po epokę baroku związane było z dogmatyczną interpretacją przekazów. Homer jako pierwszy zastosował alegorię (alegorezę) do interpretacji mitów. W czasach patrystycznych wystąpiła potrzeba alegorycznego rozumienia Pisma Świętego. Natomiast w średniowieczu alegoria pełniła podwójną rolę: filozoficzno‑teologiczną i estetyczną.Po raz pierwszy znaczenie alegorii zostało podważone w czasie reformacji, w jej zastosowaniu do interpretacji Biblii. Ostatnią epoką, w której dowartościowano alegorię w jej hermeneutycznym znaczeniu był barok. Schyłek jej zastosowania, jako narzędzia w dotarciu do prawdy, aż do jej odrzucenia rozpoczął się w oświeceniu. Gadamer odpowiedzialnym za jej deprecjację czyni przede wszystkim Kanta i dokonaną przez niego estetyzację sztuki. Dzieło sztuki, zgodnie z jego koncepcją, ukazuje nam tylko piękno.Gadamer sprzeciwia się estetyzacji sztuki dokonanej przez Kanta. W wyniku rehabilitacji alegorii podważył estetyzację dzieła sztuki i zawężenie jej do wytworu geniusza. Jego zdaniem, w doświadczeniu dzieła sztuki nie mamy tylko do czynienia z pięknem, ale przede wszystkim z prawdą o nas samych i o otaczającym nas świecie.
4

The impact of anthropogenic factors on the natural values of the water reservoirs in Sosnowiec (Poland)

63%
Dąbrowska D., Sołtysiak M.
Environmental & Socio-economic Studies
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2015
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vol. 3
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issue 1
20-25
EN
Many plant and animal species are closely related to the aquatic environment. Small reservoirs are a place of the biodiversity concentration. Reservoirs are especially important for amphibian species as a place of feeding, shelter and wintering. Many anthropogenic factors has a significant impact on the natural values of water reservoirs (surroundings of the water reservoirs, the shore`s type, distance from roads and buildings, the role of the object and the chemical status). They can eliminate or change amphibian population. The effect of three such factors was determined for one of the cities in the Upper Silesian Agglomeration - Sosnowiec (91 km2). The paper presents an assessment of the impact of the type of surroundings, the percentage share of the open space around water reservoirs and the distance from roads and buildings on the number of amphibian species present in the reservoir. In the analysis were taken into account 20 reservoirs, in which amphibian species were found. This analysis indicates the influence urban factors on the number of amphibian species in water reservoirs based on positive correlations in the case of Spearman Rank correlation and the Fisher’s exact test. Results of these calculations highlight the negative impact of the anthropopressure (the changes in the environment) on the amphibian breeding places and the biodiversity.
5

Short-term forecasting of the chloride content in the mineral waters of the Ustroń Health Resort using SARIMA and Holt-Winters models

51%
Dąbrowska D., Sołtysiak M., Waligóra J.
Environmental & Socio-economic Studies
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2015
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vol. 3
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issue 4
57-65
EN
The Ustroń S.A. Health Resort (southern Poland) uses iodide-bromide mineral waters taken from Middle and Upper Devonian limestones and dolomites with a mineralisation range of 110-130 g/dm3 for curative purposes. Two boreholes - U-3 and U3-A drilled in the early 1970s were exploited. The aim of this paper is to estimate changes in mineral water quality of the Ustroń Health Resort by taking into consideration chloride content in the water from the U-3 borehole. The data has included the results of monthly analyses of chlorides from 2005 to 2015 during the tests carried out by the Mining Department of the Health Resort. The triple exponential smoothing (ETS) function and the Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) method of modelling time series were used for the calculations. The ability to properly forecast mineral water quality can result in a good status of the exploitation borehole and a limited number of failures in the exploitation system. Because of the good management of health resorts, it is possible to acquire more satisfied customers. The main goal of the article involves the real-time forecast accuracy, obtained results show that the proposed methods are effective for such situations. Presented methods made it possible to obtain a 24-month point and interval forecast. The results of these analyses indicate that the chloride content is forecast to be in the range of 72 to 83 g/l from 2015 to 2017. While comparing the two methods of analysis, a narrower range of forecast values and, therefore, greater accuracy were obtained for the ETS function. The good performance of the ETS model highlights its utility compared with complicated physically based numerical models.
6

Machine-learning methods in the classification of water bodies

51%
Sołtysiak M., Blachnik M., Dąbrowska D.
Environmental & Socio-economic Studies
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2016
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vol. 4
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issue 2
34-42
EN
Amphibian species have been considered as useful ecological indicators. They are used as indicators of environmental contamination, ecosystem health and habitat quality., Amphibian species are sensitive to changes in the aquatic environment and therefore, may form the basis for the classification of water bodies. Water bodies in which there are a large number of amphibian species are especially valuable even if they are located in urban areas. The automation of the classification process allows for a faster evaluation of the presence of amphibian species in the water bodies. Three machine-learning methods (artificial neural networks, decision trees and the k-nearest neighbours algorithm) have been used to classify water bodies in Chorzów – one of 19 cities in the Upper Silesia Agglomeration. In this case, classification is a supervised data mining method consisting of several stages such as building the model, the testing phase and the prediction. Seven natural and anthropogenic features of water bodies (e.g. the type of water body, aquatic plants, the purpose of the water body (destination), position of the water body in relation to any possible buildings, condition of the water body, the degree of littering, the shore type and fishing activities) have been taken into account in the classification. The data set used in this study involved information about 71 different water bodies and 9 amphibian species living in them. The results showed that the best average classification accuracy was obtained with the multilayer perceptron neural network.
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