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EN
The article presents the problem of ethnic policy of the Polish government in exile against minorities and nations of Eastern Europe. Presents the content of newspaper articles from the period of the Second World War (“Rzeczpospolita Polska”, “Kraj”, “Głos Polsko-Ukraiński”) and official documents (“Uwagi o naszej polityce międzynarodowej”), in which they discussed the current policies, visions of future ethnic relations in post-war Poland.
EN
During the Second World War The Military Order of the Cross and the Sword combined Catholic moral principles with patriotism in the active struggle for independence. The role of enlarged strategically Poland was peaceful integration of Central Europe. They planned to follow rules of peaceful Catholic international cooperation. Anti-Christian systems of Germany and the USSR and materialistic western countries were not acceptable.
EN
The German invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939. opened up the possibility of establishing post-war Polish-German border on the Oder the Lusatian Neisse. After the war, all Germans were to be expelled from the Poland as a result of aggression of the Third Reich on Poland, occupation, crime, terror and expulsion of Poles. Only leq-wing parties considered this plan as dangerous for the post-war Poland. It considered German retaliation as dangerous. Western powers supported the expulsion of Germans from Poland, but not out of border on the Oder and the Lusatian Neisse. For this reason the Polish government in London limited its claim according to East Prussia, the Free City of Danzig and Silesia. The Goverment also wanted to keep a Riga border with the Soviet Union.
EN
During World War II, the national camp preached the idea of imperialism in Central Europe. Built peacefully, the Polish empire was supposed to protect the independence and security of countries in Central Europe against Germany and the Soviet Union, and thus got the title ‘the Great Poland’. As part of the empire, nation-states were retined. The National camp was opposed to the idea of the Federation, promoted by the government-in-exile. For the ‘National camp’ idea of federation in the regional, European and global level was an anachronism. Post-war international cooperation was based on nation-states and their alliances.
EN
A{er the German invasion in 1941, the USSR declared to be the defender of the Slavic nations occupied by Germany. It did not defend their allies, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia, against the Germans in the 1938-1941. In alliance with Germans it attacked Poland in 1939. Soviets used the Slavic idea to organize armed resistance in occupied nations. A{er the war, the Soviet Union intended to make them politically and militarily dependent. e Polish government rejected participation in the Soviet Slavic bloc. In the Polish political emigration and in the occupied country the Slavic idea was really popular, but as an anti- Soviet idea. Poland not the Soviet Union was expected to become the head of Slavic countries in Central and South-Eastern Europe.
PL
Po niemieckiej napaści w 1941 r. ZSRR uznał się za obrońcę narodów słowiańskich okupowanych przez Niemcy. W latach 1938-1941 nie bronił swoich słowiańskich sojuszników Czechosłowacji i Jugosławii przed Niemcami. W 1939 r. w sojuszu z nimi napadł na słowiańską Polskę. Wykorzystywał ideę słowiańską do organizowania zbrojnego oporu w okupowanych narodach słowiańskich. Po wojnie zamierzał uzależnić je od siebie politycznie i militarnie. Polski rząd odrzucał udział w radzieckim bloku słowiańskim. W polskiej emigracji politycznej i w okupowanym kraju idea słowiańska miała znaczne poparcie, ale o charakterze antyradzieckim. Polska, a nie ZSRR, miała stać na czele państw słowiańskich w Europie Środkowej i Południowo-Wschodniej.
EN
An important element in Polish history was the struggle for the national identity of Poles in the Duchy of Cieszyn since the second half of the nineteenth century to the end of the First World War. Conducted a large-scale policy designed to promote other non-Polish nationality. The Poles did not surrender and actively sought to maintain their national identity in the area.
EN
=e General Jewish Workers Bund of Poland sent memorandum on the position of Jews in occupied Poland in April 1940 to =e Polish Government in France. In sent document Bund mentioned discrimination of Jews in the Second Polish Republic and fact there was plan of support of Jewish emigration to Palestine. It declared active struggle for an independent Poland with the German and Soviet occupiers. It reminded that the Soviet authorities arrested and carried away to the USSR many of the leading activists of the Bund. Advocated concept of socialist and democratic Poland, equality of all citizens and national and cultural rights for ethnic minorities. Bund considered as a utopia Polish and Jewish concepts of building a Jewish state. It demanded Polish government the fight against anti-Semitism in emigration institutions and occupied country, where many Poles took part in German politics of terror against the Jews.
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