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Traktat Krzysztofa Kluka „Zwierząt domowych i dzikich, osobliwie krajowych, historii naturalnej początki i gospodarstwo” - oświeceniowy podręcznik zoologii

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Biniewicz J.
Stylistyka
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2017
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vol. 26
305-320
EN
The author focuses on the history of the Polish scientific educational style. The 18th century science in is an area for empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge of the natural world. The article discusses a Polish text by Krzysztof Kluk, Zwierząt domowych i dzikich, osobliwie krajowych, historii naturalnej początki i gospodarstwo (The beginnings of natural history and husbandry of farmed and wild animals, of domestic animals in particular) (vol. 1, 1779). The author provides us with a basic outline of zoology in 18th century and proposes a lecture on animals living in Poland. His lecture has two narrative planes: scientific and colloquial. In this article, the author proposes a methodology of text analysis. Careful stylistic analysis of 18th century scientific texts shows that Polish handbooks of zoology and economy have features that characterize modern scientific texts, namely bilingual communication, preference for specialist language, rhetorical figures, use of specific verb forms and distinct narrative structure.
2
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Początki polskiego stylu naukowego – między teorią naukową a praktyką gospodarczą

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Biniewicz J.
Stylistyka
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2015
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vol. 24
283-297
EN
The author focuses on the history of the Polish scientific style. The Polish scientific style begun to evolve in the sixteenth century. Science is a vehicle for empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world. In the 16th century, many scholars believed that mathematics was the right tool for solving practical problems often faced by craftsmen and merchants. The first Polish texts on mathematics proposed a lecture about the basics of arithmetic and geometry. The author discusses the first scientific texts written in Polish, namely Algorithmus: To jest nauka Liczby: Polsk¹ rzecz¹ wydana (1538) (Algorithmus: This is the Science of Numbers: Published in the Polish Language) by Tomasz K³os, Algorytm (1553) (Algorithmus) by Bernard Wojewódka and Geometria, To jest Miernicka Nauka, po polsku krótko napisana z greckich i z ³aciñskich (Geometry, This is the science of Land Surveyors, briefly in the Polish Language written from Greek and Latin Books) (1566) by Stanis³aw Grzepski. The analysis of the language of science formation in the 16th century Poland shows that already in the early phase of its creation certain properties that characterize Polish modern academic discourse can be seen, namely bilingual communication, preference for specialist language, a rhetorical figure and the use of specific forms of the verb.
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Dwa oświeceniowe wykłady geometrii — dyskursywny obraz świata

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Biniewicz J.
Język a Kultura
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2017
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vol. 27
65 - 82
EN
This article focuses on the history of the Polish educational and scientific discourse. The paper examines Polish texts by Józef Czech — Euklidesa początków jeometryi xsiąg ośmioro, to iest sześć pierwszych, jedenasta i dwunasta z dodanemi przypisami i trygonometrią dla pozytku młodzi akademickiey (Euclid’s six books on geometry, that is the first six books, the eleventh book and the twelfth book with notes and geometry for the benefit of university youth, 1807) and by Ignacy Zaborowski — Jeometria praktyczna (Practical geometry, 1786). The science of the 19th century is an area for gaining empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge of the world. The paper discusses this problem in the context of methods which can be employed to analyze the image of the world. The author of the article presents the concept of discursive worldview, which is meant to enable the description of dynamic profiling of meanings in educational and scientific discourse.
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Pierwsze napisane po polsku teksty poświęcone matematyce a współczesne piśmiennictwo dydaktyczne. Strategie komunikacyjne w dyskursie edukacyjnym

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Biniewicz J.
Język a Kultura
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2016
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vol. 26
119-129
EN
In the first part of the article, the author considers the relationships between the essential concepts in the contemporary discourse in linguistics: discourse, text and types of speech. In the second part his considerations are focused on the structure and language of Grzepski’s Geometry and Kłos’s Algorithmus as compared to contemporary Polish textbooks. The analysis of the sixteenth-century treatises on mathematics leads to the conclusion that the contract between the author of the treaty and his recipients plays the fundamental role in the process of creation of the Polish textbooks. The above-mentioned relation determines the morphology of the text, the image of the world presented in the narrative as well as linguistic and non-linguistic means of expression. The author concludes that the genre of Polish textbooks on mathematics as such was born in the sixteenth century.
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Obraz szkoły w dyskursach i języku

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Biniewicz J.
Język a Kultura
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2014
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vol. 24
217 - 233
EN
The article contains critical reflections on the image of school as it has been established in communication. The author refers to the theoretical findings in linguistic anthropology, and introduces the concepts of “the point of view” and “the cognitive perspective.” With the use of these concepts, knowledge derived from experiencing extra-linguistic reality can be extracted; the starting point for the reflection on the linguistic image of the world being the observation that language as such is an instrument for aggregating knowledge as well as evaluating the reality experienced by human beings. The analysis of the collected research material shows that the image of school imbedded in the language and public discourse (academic, cultural, in the media) is not uniform. The possible reason for this lack of uniformity is that community experience and a value system revealing individual and collective points of view is deposited in language.
6
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Terminologia w pierwszym napisanym po polsku podręczniku geometrii, geodezji (Geometria to jest miernicka nauka Stanisława Grzepskiego, 1566)

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Biniewicz J.
Poradnik Językowy
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2020
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vol. 774
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issue 5
18-34
EN
Geometria, to jest miernicka nauka (Geometry or the science of measurement) by Stanisław Grzepski was published in 1566. A look at the examined treaty from the angle of the discourse theory makes it possible to notice a living communication process leading to the formation of the paradigm designated by the expert – layman roles in the 16th century scientifi c, educational literature. When sharing information with a novice, an expert reaches for the specialised register vocabulary including, most of all, scientifi c terms being in operation in the field of the 16th-century science. Terminology is a tool for creating a clear worldview, it combines the abstractness of the message with the observation of the practical sphere. The occurrence of terms in a text fulfi lling an educational function legitimises the author as an expert, proves the effectiveness of the solutions dictated by science. Moreover, terms in an educational text, as a record of knowledge, are a functional instrument of ensuring that the reasoning is consistent, making it a logically designed structure that is recipient-friendly in terms of cognition.
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Tabloidyzacja dyskursu naukowego

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Biniewicz J.
Oblicza Komunikacji
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2010
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vol. 3
177-182
EN
In contemporary democracies social life is considerably influenced by the media, which attract the general public by tabloidizing news (i.e. focusing mainly on lifestyle, celebrity, entertainment and scandal) and creating the picture of the world by means of certain catchy call slogans limiting the debate to particular issues. The media have recognized the potential of scientific perception and cognition, which is often seen as a gripping story of the world that intrigues the general public; clearly, scientific research abounds in dramatic events and scientists uncovering hidden secrets become contemporary heroes. By referring to scientific achievements and quoting them, the media make the scientific discourse a tool for objectivizing the reality. They talk of the complex world that we cease to comprehend and lose control over, creating the myth of triumphant science that allows us to control the world around us.
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