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The impact of physical activity on the cognitive fitness of the elderly – a review

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Marszałek A., Kasperczyk T., Walaszek R., Burdacka K.
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
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2022
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issue 4
470-477
EN
Introduction and aim. The issues of humans’ ageing are more and more frequently addressed in the relevant literature. Most commonly, people follow three ageing trajectories: a normal one, disease-affected one, and a healthy one. The purpose of this article is to present a relationship between physical activity and occurrence of cognitive function impairment in the elderly. Material and methods. This paper is a narrative review. Based on a literature search, various forms of physical activity are presented, as well as the effects of physical activity on mitigation of cognitive disorders in the elderly. The following databases were used: Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar. Analysis of the literature. One of the most important factors that promote healthy ageing is regular physical activity. Many studies and publications have addressed this issue. The relationships between physical activity and cognitive fitness have been less studied. Conclusion. The results of the studies presented in this article may form the basis for more in-depth analyses and, in a longterm perspective, for the development of optimal preventive and therapeutic strategies using broadly understood physical activity to maintain cognitive fitness of the elderly.
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The use of hippotherapy in shaping the body posture and balance in children with Down syndrome

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Marszałek A., Kasperczyk T., Walaszek R.
Sport i Turystyka. Środkowoeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe
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2022
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vol. 5
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issue 4
69-81
PL
Zespół Downa (DS) należy do najczęstszych zaburzeń rozwojowych o podłożu genetycznym, których przyczyną jest trisomia 21 pary chromosomów. Częstość występowania zespołu Downa w populacji generalnej szacuje się na 1 na 732 niemowlęta. Odsetek ten wzrasta znacznie w przypadku rosnącego wieku rodzących kobiet. Zespół Downa manifestuje się szeregiem objawów zarówno podmiotowych, jak i przedmiotowych. Objawy przedmiotowe dotyczą głównie nieprawidłowości w budowie ośrodkowego układu nerwowego, narządów wewnętrznych, wad narządu wzroku i układu szkieletowego. Oba aspekty rozwoju, tj. fizyczny i umysłowy są opóźnione. Jedną z metod wspomagających leczenie chorych z zespołem DS jest hipoterapia. Przybiera ona różne formy, m.in.: terapii w postaci kontaktu z koniem, psychopedagogicznej jazdy konnej i terapeu- tycznej jazdy konnej. Celem artykułu było ukazanie wpływu hipoterapii na kształtowanie się postawy ciała oraz zdolności koordynacyjnych ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem równowagi ciała.
EN
Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most common genetic developmental disorders that is caused by a trisomy of the 21st chromosome pair. The incidence of Down syndrome in the general population is estimated at 1/732 infants. This percentage increases significantly with the increasing age of women in labour. Down syndrome manifests itself in a variety of signs and symptoms. The signs mainly refer to abnormalities in the structure of the central nervous system, internal organs, eye and skeletal system defects. Both aspects of development, i.e., physical and mental, are delayed. One of the methods that supports the treatment of patients with DS is hippotherapy. It takes various forms, including: therapy in the form of contact with a horse, psycho-pedagogical horse riding and therapeutic horse riding. The purpose of the article was to present the influence of hippotherapy on the shaping of body posture and coordination skills with particular emphasis on body balance.
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