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Language Contact in the Semantic Field of Computers and the Internet: The Newest English Lexical Loans in Polish

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Zabawa M.
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
|
2014
|
vol. 3
127-136
EN
Nowadays more and more people are using computers and the Internet; consequently, they are continually in touch with computing terminology. The study and analysis of such terminology thus seems very important not only from the point of view of a linguist, but from one of an average computer user as well. Polish language for computers and the Internet is in a state of constant change today: new terms, mostly borrowed from English, enter the language all the time. The aim of the present paper is to analyze the origin of the newest lexical borrowings of English, many of which have not been noted in the dictionaries and/or discussed in the literature on the subject, used in Polish language for computers and the Internet. Special attention will be devoted to the morphology of such loans; among other things, special morphological processes will be discussed, such as the formation of diminutives of computer terms. The research is based on a corpus, collected and analyzed by the author of the study. The corpus comprises of texts taken from various Internet message boards devoted to computers and the Internet.
2

Cybermycha, full wersja, poboczny boss: angielskie półkalki i konstrukcje hybrydalne w potocznej polszczyźnie użytkowników komputerów

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Zabawa M.
Język Polski
|
2019
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vol. 99
|
issue 4
30-44
PL
Celem artykułu jest opis i analiza angielskich półkalk i konstrukcji hybrydalnych w potocznej polszczyźnie użytkowników komputerów. Podstawą badań jest samodzielnie zbudowany (przez autora artykułu) korpus złożony z krótkich wpisów pochodzących z wybranych 32 forów internetowych. Artykuł przedstawia półkalki słowotwórcze i frazeologiczne (dokładne i niedokładne), oparte na prawdopodobnych modelach angielskich, a także formacje hybrydalne, które zostały utworzone już na gruncie polszczyzny, bez istniejącego bezpośredniego modelu angielskiego. Artykuł omawia także różnego rodzaju kwestie problematyczne, takie jak trudności związane z odróżnianiem półkalk od kalk czy półkalk dokładnych od półkalk niedokładnych, wraz z propozycjami możliwych rozwiązań.
EN
The aim of the present paper is to describe and analyse English semi-calques and hybrid formations in informal Polish of computer users. The study is based on the corpus collected by the author; it consists of short informal texts taken from 32 selected Internet forums. The paper discusses single-word and phrasal semi-calques (exact and inexact), based on probable English models, as well as hybrid formations, created already in Polish, without the existence of direct English models. In addition, the paper focuses on various theoretical problems, such as those connected with distinguishing between semi-calques and calques or between exact and inexact semi-calques; some possible solutions are also offered.
3
Content available remote

O internetowych ciasteczkach

100%
Zabawa M.
LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa
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2014
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issue 18
103-111
EN
The aim of the present article is to discuss the semantic loan ciasteczko (‘cookie’) used in Polish. The new meaning of the word, modelled on English, is connected with computers and the Internet. the new legal regulations in Poland require all Polish websites to inform the Internet users about the fact that a given website uses cookies. Quotations from various Polish websites are analyzed; it is clear that the form in question is far from fully assimilated into Polish, as there is a great deal of confusion seen among the authors of texts published on the Internet. Four main solutions are in operation: (1) the use of the English lexical borrowing only, (2) the use of the English semantic borrowing only, (3) the use of both the English semantic and lexical borrowing and (4) the use of the English lexical borrowing followed by a definition of the term in Polish. In addition, new collocations of the word are analyzed.
4

Neosemantyzmy i zapożyczenia semantyczne jako odzwierciedlenie postępu technologicznego i zmian kulturowo-obyczajowych

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Zabawa M.
Język Polski
|
2017
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vol. 97
|
issue 2
94-104
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wybranych przykładów innowacji semantycznych (zarówno rodzimych, jak i powstałych pod wpływem obcym), będących odzwierciedleniem przemian pozajęzykowych, tj. rozwoju technologicznego i zmian kulturowo-obyczajowych. Są to często wyrazy, gdzie nie mamy do czynienia z nowym znaczeniem sensu stricto, lecz raczej nowymi kontekstami użycia. W artykule opisano następujące słowa: bilet, zwiastun, kosmetyk, kombajn, związek oraz rodzina; opis polega przede wszystkim na zestawieniu użyć dawniejszych (na podstawie USJP) oraz współczesnych, zaczerpniętych głównie z NKJP oraz Internetu.
EN
The aim of the present article is to discuss some examples of semantic innovations (triggered by foreign influence or created already in Polish without any foreign model) which can be seen as a reflection of extralinguistic changes, i.e. technological progress and changes in the sphere of culture and morality. It is frequently the case that such words do not appear in new meanings in the strict sense of the word; rather, they appear in new contexts and new collocations. Several semantic innovations are described in detail: “bilet”, “zwiastun”, “kosmetyk”, “kombajn”, “związek” and “rodzina”; the description focuses on the comparison between older uses (on the basis of “Universal Dictionary of Polish”) and newer, contemporary ones (mostly on the basis of National Corpus of Polish and the Internet).
5

THE USE OF ENGLISH ELEMENTS IN POLISH COMMERCIALS AND PRESS ADVERTISEMENTS: SUCCESS OR FAILURE?

100%
Zabawa M.
Linguistica Silesiana
|
2009
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vol. 30
185-194
EN
The paper deals with the use of English lexical borrowings in Polish commercials and press advertisements. The author first gives a brief, general account of English loanwords used in Polish advertisements and then concentrates on concrete examples of such borrowings. Particular attention is paid to the discussion of the necessity of the use of such loans in the Polish language of advertising. The author argues, on the basis of the questionnaire described in the paper, that most of the English loans in Polish do not make the message clearer to a Polish receiver. In fact, they seem to hinder comprehensibility. However, as the questionnaire has shown, they do evoke positive connotations of a given product and/or a company.
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