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Proměny ockhamistické teorie idejí

100%
Hanke M.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
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2019
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vol. 67
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issue 6
917-931
EN
The study addresses different accounts of divine ideas within scholastic nominalism between the fourteenth and seventeenth centuries (the sample includes William Ockham and the reception of his work by Biel, Mair, and Arriaga). The basic topics within that tradition are the logico-semantical analysis of the term “idea” and the ontology of identity (including the discussion of the admissibility of different “weak” forms of identity). From a broader historical perspective, it is possible to document, among others, the elaboration of logical issues within the “first” and their disappearance in the “second” scholasticism, and thus contribute to the present knowledge of the transformations of the nominalist paradigm and scholastic thought in general.
CS
Studie se zabývá přístupy k problematice idejí ve scholastických verzích nominalismu v období mezi čtrnáctým a sedmnáctým stoletím; konkrétní vzorek zahrnuje Ockhamův přístup a jeho recepci u Biela, Maira a Arriagy. Za základní témata této diskuse lze považovat logicko-sémantickou analýzu výrazu „idea“ a ontologickou teo-rii identity (resp. otázku přípustnosti slabších forem identity, než je identita reál-ná). V širší historické perspektivě je možno sledovat postupné propracování logických témat v první scholastice a jejich úplné vymizení ve scholastice druhé, což přispívá k historiografii transformace jak nominalistického myšlení, tak scholastického myšlení obecně.
2

PARADOXES, TRUTH, AND CORRESPONDENCE IN ROGER SWYNESHED'S SEMANTICS (Paradoxy, pravdivost a korespondence v semantice Rogera Swynesheda)

100%
Hanke M.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
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2011
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vol. 18
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issue 1
40-61
EN
The present paper is concerned with an exposé of the basic general-semantic theses presented in the tract called 'De insolubilibus' written by the 14th century British logician Roger Swyneshed. Swyneshed's semantics is analysed as a highly specific theory of truth, correspondence and facts (truth-makers). Swyneshed's theory revises the correspondence theory of truth and rejects the principle of bivalence, while offering the solution to two different types of paradoxes (the alethic paradox and the correspondence one). As it is usual for theories of this kind, Swyneshed's semantics has to face the specific forms of revenge-arguments, which lead to a specific conception of truth-making.
3
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Analýza (narativních) textů a teorie komunikace. Polemika s ekovskou koncepcí abstraktních subjektů

63%
Nečaská K., Hanke M.
Česká literatura (Czech Literature)
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2010
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vol. 58
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issue 6
713-732
EN
The chief motivation for introducing abstract subjects in literary studies is the analysis of the operation of the work of literature in the process of communication between author and reader. One observes two main problems with Eco’s theory of abstract subjects: the effectiveness of introducing a conceptual framework and its application to the analysis of the levels of communication in the narrative text. The treatment of the problem of the effectiveness of introducing abstract subjects assumes mainly a clarification of certain metatheoretical and possibly also theoretical premises. At the metatheoretical level one can distinguish between the ‘realistic’ and the ‘functionalistic’ approach. In the first, the chief task is to describe the nature and relations of the basic constituents of the process of communication, in which this description is influenced by the underlying ontology appearing in the terminology of the given theory. In the second, the chief task is to illustrate the structure of the process of communication and of the abstract positions that constitute the basic components of this structure. The problem of the analysis of communication in narratological texts in Eco’s works presumes the correlation of the terms of model author and model narrator, in other words, two different levels of communication implemented by means of the literary text, where the communication between author and reader lies on one side and the communication taking place within the fictional world of the narrative lies on the other. This article seeks mainly to achieve a critical assessment of the means by which Eco operates with the premise of the abstract subjects of model author and model reader. The article intends to offer reflections on possible approaches in a specific literary studies debate, and, on this basis, to define the space for more narrowly defined discussions with individual standpoints, and to limit the emergence of pseudo­discussions that arise from fuzzy (meta)theoretical framework.
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