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Andrzej Bączyński (1933–2016). In memoriam

100%
Szudy J.
Rocznik Grudziądzki
|
2023
|
vol. 31
337-350
EN
The article describes life and works of of Andrzej Bączyński and his most important scientific and organizational achievements. In the description of his youth, attention was drawn to his first scientific interests concerning both industrial applications of physics and issues related to theoretical physics. His first scientific publication was devoted to investigating the possibility of using the famous instrument for integrating the Schrödinger equation – constructed at the Nicolaus Copernicus University by Kazimierz Antonowicz – for calculations on specific problems of atomic and molecular physics. In the following years, as a researcher at this University, he first dealt with experimental research in the field of molecular luminescence and then focused his attention on solid state physics. At that time, he played an important role in the development of the Industrial Institute of Electronics, initiating research in Toruń on photoelectric effects, which led to the development of photoresistor production technology. The most attention in the article is devoted to the works of Bączyński related to the construction of dye lasers. His team had significant achievements thanks to which it gained international recognition as a leading center in the field of laser physics and optoelectronics.
2

Walther Nernst – pionier współczesnej fizyki

100%
Szudy J.
Rocznik Grudziądzki
|
2022
|
vol. 30
125-146
EN
The article provides a brief description of the life and major achievements in physics of Walther Hermann Nernst, Nobel Prize winner in chemistry in 1920, creator of the third principle of thermodynamics. Born in Wąbrzeźno, he spent his childhood and youth in Grudziądz and attended secondary school there, where he obtained his baccalaureate. We begin our review of Nernst’s scientific achievements with a description of his discovery – together with Albert von Ettingshausen – of a hitherto unknown magnetothermal phenomenon, which he made while still a student at the University of Graz. The ideas introduced by Nernst at that time – at the end of the 19th century – have been revived in the 21st century and are a source of inspiration for physicists currently engaged in research in the field of superconductivity. A manifestation of this is the 2004 discovery of the so-called giant Nernst effect, which represented a breakthrough in condensed-phase physics, providing a wealth of new and important information. The article points out that the bulk of Nernst’s research was interdisciplinary, as it dealt with issues at the interface of physics and chemistry. An example of this is his research into the electrochemical processes involved in the ionic conductivity of various electrolytes in the solid phase, which he carried out as professor of chemistry at the University of Göttingen. This scope of his interest led to the development of a special light source, referred to in the literature as the Nernst lamp, which caused a revolution in the world market for light sources at the turn of the 20th century and contributed significantly to the development of infrared research. After working in Göttingen for fifteen years, Walther Nernst moved to Berlin in the spring of 1905, where he first took up the post of director of the Institute of Physical Chemistry at the University of Berlin and, after several years, became director of the Institute of Physics at this university. It was there that he made his greatest discovery which was the formulation of the so-called heat theorem, which was later referred to in the literature as Nernst’s law and ultimately the third law of thermodynamics. It is of fundamental importance not only for chemistry, but above all for physics and for all other natural sciences. Indeed, it concerns the foundations of thermodynamics, which up to that moment had been based on two foundations, known as the first and second law of thermodynamics. The article also refers to Nernst’s organisational merits, which manifested themselves in the form of the famous Solvay Congresses. The article concludes with information on Nernst’s links with Polish science.
3
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WSPOMNIENIE o dr. hab. n. med. LECHU BIEGANOWSKIM

63%
Kowalczyk A., Szudy J.
Archiwum Historii i Filozofii Medycyny
|
2016
|
vol. 79
76-79
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