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Poręczenie funduszu regionalnego jako prawne zabezpieczenie do ustanowionego limitu skarbowego na rynku pozagiełdowym

100%
Wybieralski P.
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe
|
2021
|
vol. 1
|
issue 29
175-185
EN
The study highlights a selected aspect related to the financial risk management with the use of OTC derivatives, namely the issue of pre-settlement limits set by commercial banks for their counterparties, namely non-financial enterprises. The discussed situation assumes that the creditworthiness is sufficient in the opinion of the financial institution but the value of the legal collaterals proposed by the counterparty is insufficient. In this case, the use of guarantees of business support institutions such as regional funds may be particularly helpful. The formal and legal grounds for applying treasury limits were indicated and the way of their use was discussed, as well as a case study on the implementation of the mentioned guarantee for selected commercial bank. The article emphasizes the crucial role of scientific institutes in creating solutions to deal with real economic challenges.
PL
W opracowaniu zwrócono uwagę na wybrany aspekt związany z problematyką zarządzania ryzykiem finansowym z wykorzystaniem instrumentów pochodnych na rynku pozagiełdowym, a mianowicie kwestią prawnego zabezpieczenia do ustanowionych przez banki komercyjne dla swoich kontrahentów – przedsiębiorstw niefinansowych limitów skarbowych. Omawiana jest sytuacja zakładająca wystarczającą w ocenie instytucji finansowej zdolność kredytową kontrahenta, ale niewystarczającą wartość proponowanych przez niego prawnych zabezpieczeń wierzytelności bankowych. W tym przypadku zastosowanie poręczeń cywilnych okołobiznesowych instytucji wspierających tj. regionalne fundusze może być szczególnie pomocne. Wskazano na formalno-prawne przesłanki stosowania limitów skarbowych oraz omówiono sposób ich wykorzystania, jak również przedstawiono studium przypadku dotyczące wdrożenia omawianego poręczenia dla wybranego oddziału banku komercyjnego. W artykule podkreślono szczególnie istotną rolę instytutów naukowych w kreowaniu rozwiązań dla rzeczywistych wyzwań gospodarczych.
2
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Pre-Settlement Risk Limits for Non-Financial Counterparty in the Polish Over-the-Counter Derivatives Market

100%
Wybieralski P.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
|
2023
|
vol. 57
|
issue 1
219-235
EN
Theoretical background: The 2008/2009 financial crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in 2020 or the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, all these affected market volatility causing greater interest in counterparty credit risk (CCR) management especially in the OTC derivatives market. This study investigates selected method to mitigate the CCR, namely the application of various risk limits. The research is focused particularly on the pre-settlement risk that financial institutions face after transaction conclusion until the contract’s final settlement. Instead of one single limit there may be a wide range of different treasury limits (a multiple treasury limit setup) applied not only to cover the credit exposure but also to support and enhance the entire market risk management process and day-to-day operations in the financial institutions. Purpose of the article: The paper examines treasury limits employed to manage pre-settlement risk in the Polish OTC derivatives market in the relation between financial institution and non-financial institution. The current literature on this subject includes works on various risk limits, especially in the Polish inter-bank market, however, there is still no broader view on this topic from the analysed perspective. The study indicates different pre-settlement risk limits to be applied in practice both for daily and credit-related transactions considering multiple determinants, such as counterparty and financial instrument type, asset class or collateral form. Research methods: Research methods comprise the analysis of guidelines and recommendations of the Polish Financial Supervision Authority as well as reports, documents and market risk management principles of selected financial institutions. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of legal backgrounds on treasury limits in Poland and bank’s sources, such as master agreements, general conditions of cooperation in the field of treasury products, regulations, information brochures, etc. Selected data from the 2022 Triennial Central Bank Survey of Foreign Exchange and OTC Derivatives Market Activity in Poland is used in the context analysis. Main findings: Different determinants of pre-settlement risk limit setup are identified and on this basis a directory of pre-settlement treasury limits is developed. The paper indicates also some challenges related to their practical application, concerning, for instance, the breaches of contractual terms (events of default), timely renewal of treasury limit or issues regarding the market risk estimation.
3
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Cross-Currency Interest Rate Swap Application in the Long-Term Currency Risk Management

100%
Wybieralski P.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
|
2020
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vol. 54
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issue 2
EN
Effective currency risk management using various derivatives is particularly important under increased market volatility. The risk is relatively higher for longer than shorter time frames. This study highlights the implementation of selected instruments for long-term hedging. It presents the application of cross-currency interest rate swap as a currency risk hedging tool used by Polish exporters, mainly manufacturers generating their revenues mostly abroad (in euro area), exposed to negative exchange rate fluctuations. The paper covers issues related to the pricing, market risk estimation and collateral required in the OTC market, as well as undertakes a sensitivity analysis in search for exchange rates at which margin call occurs. There is a comparative analysis and back test simulation conducted using market data from exchange and money markets. The study emphasized that the analyzed instrument meets the expectations in terms of hedging the company cash flows, as well as may generate additional benefits due to the still existing interest rate differential.
4
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Korytarz walutowy jako elastyczna strategia zabezpieczająca przed transakcyjnym ryzykiem kursowym przedsiębiorstw niefinansowych na rynku OTC

100%
Wybieralski P.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
|
2015
|
vol. 49
|
issue 4
EN
The article covers the chosen issues related to currency risk management process within non-financial companies in the OTC market. The analysis of selected flexible hedging strategy is presented taking into account the participation degree in positive market developments, the effective exchange rates, risk profiles and treasury limit utilization, as well as the amount of currency exposure hedged and margin call scenarios in which the additional collateral is required. It is shown that especially in the highly volatile markets flexible products may become an interesting solution compared to fixed ones. 
PL
W opracowaniu skoncentrowano się na problematyce mitygowania transakcyjnego ryzyka kursowego w przedsiębiorstwach niefinansowych z wykorzystaniem walutowych instrumentów pochodnych na rynku pozagiełdowym. W tym kontekście dokonano porównania wybranego produktu o charakterze elastycznym, umożliwiającym w określonym zakresie partycypację w pozytywnych zmianach na rynku w relacji do klasycznego kontraktu forward pod kątem poziomu efektywnego kursu zabezpieczenia, profilu ryzyka, stopnia wykorzystania limitu skarbowego, jak również maksymalnej kwoty ekspozycji w osłonie oraz poziomów kursów granicznych, przy których transakcja może być awaryjnie zamknięta. Wskazano, iż zastosowanie instrumentów o charakterze elastycznym jest szczególnie interesującą alternatywą w okresach kryzysowych, cechujących się podwyższoną zmiennością rynkową.
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