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PIĘKNA STUDNIA W NYSIE

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EN
The Beautiful Well in Nysa is one of the most magnificent objects of its sort in Europe. Well gratings representing such a high artistic rank are to be found only in Prague, Nürnberg, Innsbruck and Bruck on the Mur. The titular well was founded by Kaspar Naas, the mayor of Nysa. The boarding was built out of marble from nearby Sławniowice. The iron grating was executed in 1686 by Wilhelm Helleweg, the administrator of the diocesan-ducal mint in Nysa and master locksmith at the court of the local bishop. Although the well dates back to the Baroque, it features an overwhelming Renaissance impact together with a discernible reference to forms characteristic for the Middle Ages. The information at our disposal relates to a number of conservation undertakings conducted at rather small intervals. The first took place in 1889, followed by work carried out in 1935. In 1944 the grating was hidden in the Nysa fortifications to protect it against being damaged by Allied air raids. Found after the war, it was conserved and reinstalled in its former place in 1969. The last conservation was performed in 2001 and 2005. The Beautiful Well, one of the oldest Silesian objects with a water pump, fulfilled its basic functions until the end of the nineteenth century. Its water was used by the bakers and butchers of Nysa, and it ceased being used after the introduction of a municipal water-main at the end of the nineteenth century. The well is one of the most breathtaking monuments of the past in the architecture of Nysa, brimming with historical treasures. It was also the object of interest on the part of graphic artists and photographers as well as men of letters. The circumstances of its origin became the motif of a drama in five acts – “Der Schöne Brunnen in Neisse”, written by a local Verbist, Rev. Alfred Wlotzka (published in Nysa in 1922).
EN
The museum in Nysa was founded in 1897 as the first regional museum (Heimatsmuseum) in Opole Silesia (within the boundaries of Opole notary) /Regierungsbezirk Oppeln/. Its first seat was a baroque mansion called Alte Kommandantur/Dom Komendanta. At the beginning of September 1938, there came floods in Nysa. The waters of the Nysa Kłodzka River and its tributary, the Biała Głuchołaska, flooded the rooms of the ground floor with its exhibits, which in turn caused a break in the museum’s activities. In 1945, when the Soviet offensive was approaching Nysa, the town authorities evacuated the museum’s collections to the “Carolinum” grammar school in Nysa, to the gamekeeper’s cottage near Przełęk (Preiland), near Nysa, and to Domasov (Oberthomasdorf) near Jesenik (Freiwaldau) on the territory of Czech. Part of the collection remained in place. After seizing Nysa on March 24, 1945 by the Soviet Army, the museum building burnt down along with the monuments of art left behind. After the war, when Silesia was taken over by the Polish administration, the museum was re-activated in 1947. The saved collections together with the new acquisitions were placed in the building of a private surgical clinic. In 1984 the baroque Bishop Palace became the museum’s seat. At this place, in 1997, the institution was reached by the third catastrophe in its history – the calamity of floods. The rooms on the ground floor were flooded as high as 1.5 metres. The damages caused by the element included the building itself, collections of art and artistic handcraft, archaeological collection, historical documents, documentation of archeological collections and part of the books from the museum library. The flood effects are still being removed, although recently more and more slowly due to the lack of financial means. Transl. by Józef Lisiecki
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