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EN
The main objective is to analyze the place and role played by history in the operations of Poland and Germany in the field of Eastern policy, with particular emphasis on the context surrounding the Russian war against Ukraine and how it developed in the first months of this conflict. In order to demonstrate the relationship between history’s influence on the present public discourse and Eastern and European policy of Poland and Germany, the article focuses on selected aspects of these countries’ Eastern policy, both historically and currently. The study also shows the connection between history and politics, particularly as it relates to the Russian Federation’s use of the so-called historical tools in hybrid tactics aimed at Poland, Germany, Ukraine and other democratic European countries. The text employs both the historical method and the comparative method. Additionally, discourse analysis was used in order to examine selected utterances of politicians and other representatives of public life in Poland and Germany, regarding history and Eastern policy. Selected elements of the analysis of the decision-making process related to the issues of the politics of memory, Eastern policy as well as European policy were also used.
EN
Migration crisis is currently one of the biggest challenges facing EU states. Te role of this issue in the German socio-political discourse in 2015–2016 is the main focus of the analysis presented in this paper. Among all members of the EU, Germany accepted majority of the migrants as a result of opening the borders in the late summer 2015.
EN
There are main problems of contemporary German foreign policy towards Eastern European countries presented in this article. Crucial issues such as relations with Russia, also from the Partnership for Modernisation’s point of view, are analyzed herein. German-Polish relations in the view of Eastern Policy are described as well as triangular cooperation between Berlin, Warsaw and Moscow. There is also Germany’s attitude towards the Eastern Partnership and Germany’s standpoint on conflicts in Transnistria or the Russia–Georgia War of 2008 analyzed in this paper.
EN
Relations with Eastern neighbours play an important role for both Poland and Germany. For Germany Russia is a key partner in this area, but Berlin–Warsaw relations have developed rapidly over recent last years. Representatives of both states co-operated to enhance development of relations with Eastern neighbours of the EU. One of the most important issues is a Polish–German–Russian programme. For Poland the most crucial part of Eastern Policy plays the Eastern Partnership. Intensification of the co-operation with six post-Soviet states was one of the priorities of the Polish presidency of the Council of the European Union during the second half of 2011. The Polish–Swedish concept is also backed by Germany.
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