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Věcnost v povídkách Ladislava Dvořáka

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Pokorná Z.

Slovo a smysl - Word & Sense

2017

vol. 14

issue 28

96-114

The article examines the prosaic works of Ladislav Dvořák (1920–1983), specifically the collection of short stories entitled Šavle meče. It analyses the construction of Dvořák’s texts with regard to their significant aspect, the connection between reality and the world depicted in the narrative. It argues against the approach that take the stories as a source for study of the author’s biography and reverse the relation, thus the author’s life is merely a basic material for constructing the literary universe. The analysis is based on the theories of Přemysl Blažíček and Milan Jankovič, who treat the specifics of creating meaning in literature. With the help of the concept of ‘objectivity’, adapted for literary interpretation, the role of facts, description and narrator in the text is explored. The study concludes that the meaning in the short stories of Ladislav Dvořák is created mainly by situatedness of the narrator, whose goal is to mediate his own life experience in the process of its formation and its indefiniteness.

BONE FRACTURES UNDER THE MICROSCOPE. AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH TO MID-UPPER PALEOLITHIC FAUNAL REMAINS

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Boriová S., Outram A. K., Pokorná Z., Sázelová S.

Študijné zvesti

2022

vol. 69

issue 2

187-204

Bone fragmentation results from different natural processes or various activities employed by several taphonomic agents. However, it may also represent direct evidence of deliberate human activity connected to the exploitation of animal resources throughout the Paleolithic period. Extensive long mammal bone fragmentation research resulted in last decades into description of individual fracture characteristics reflecting the background of fragmentation process (Johnson 1985; Outram 2001). The features combine macroscopic traits such as angle, an outline, and surface texture of the fracture. However, as the experimental works show, the response of bone on a gross scale is in great extent given by microstructure and its state of preservation directly correlating with the biomechanical properties (Currey 2012; Gifford-Gonzales 2018). The paper aims on testing (1) whether the microscopic features correlate with described macroscale differences or even (2) are able to distinguish features with macroscopic overlaps but of different origin. We have thus tested and applied two microscopic methods on two experimental assemblages with documented fragmentation conditions. By the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) we observed irregularities and micro-fractures in bone fracture surface (FS). They proved to be in certain aspect specific for a given state of bone preservation. Transmitted light microscopy mapped the abundance of micro-cracking, its characteristic features in relation to bone preservation and specific way of fragmentation. The histological thin-sections (HTS) revealed a variety of micro-cracking penetrating the FS, but they did not prove any differentiating pattern among observed experimental sets. A range of different surface profiles was documented, the profile morphology seems to be characteristic for individual bone preservation states. If compared to macroscopic method (FFI), the study of microscopic features in their presented extent did not allow us to differentiate further between fractures. Finally, we undertook an example application of the macroscopic fracture analysis on settlement areas from the Gravettian site Pavlov I (Czech Republic) and we discuss the potential of suggested micro-methods in taphonomic analysis dealing with animal body manipulation and exploitation.

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1 Slovo a smysl - Word & Sense

1 Študijné zvesti

2 Pokorná Z.

1 Boriová S.

1 Outram A. K.

1 Sázelová S.

1 2022

1 2017

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Věcnost v povídkách Ladislava Dvořáka

BONE FRACTURES UNDER THE MICROSCOPE. AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH TO MID-UPPER PALEOLITHIC FAUNAL REMAINS