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The Paradox of Politics Revisited

100%
Kostecki W.
Polish Political Science Yearbook
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2009
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vol. 38
73-89
EN
The conviction that particularly political sphere abounds in permanent paradoxes, that they constitute its inherent attributes, was already familiar to political philosophy classics, although they expressed them in different ways. “The paradoxical mix of order and chaos compelled the Greeks to seek out more creative, inclusive and reflexive modes of thought and action”. One of them, Socrates, talked about “the true political craft”, that is a rejection of politics, and at the same time, its admission. The paradoxical features of politics that arise from human nature were examined by Thomas Hobbes. Jean-Jacques Rousseau observed the paradoxes that underlie the act of free will declaration. Carl Schmitt paid attention to the internal paradox of democracy, pointing out that despite the conditions of declared citizens equality, the policy is dominated by inequalities deriving from other spheres, particularly economy.
2
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Escalation/De–escalation Models of Ethnic Conflict

100%
Kostecki W.
Polish Political Science Yearbook
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2005
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vol. 34
161-179
EN
The starting point of theoretical discourse on social conflicts, including ethnic ones, usually concerns their inevitability. This is because they form a specific class of social conflicts and as such are inherent – and crucial – for all social relations. A lot of notable works on the subject include such observation. ‘Conflict, of course, is intrinsic to human society and is often an agent of reform, adaptation, and development. But conflict can also engender destructive violence’, writes Richard H. Solomon. Conflicts perform the role of both social destroyers and creators, says Johan Galtung, and stresses: ‘Conflict generates energy. The problem is how to channel that energy constructively.’
3
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Transformacja europejskiego kompleksu bezpieczeństwa

100%
Kostecki W.
Przegląd Strategiczny
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2016
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issue 9
17-29
PL
The main goal of the article is an attempt to outline an analytical tool that would systematize considerations of the possible variants of the development of the European Union as a result of a coincidence of internal and external circumstances. Prospects of further progress, stop, and fall of integration, impacts of the proceedings of Russia and changes in the broader international environment are taken into account. For this purpose an approach developed by the influential mainstream research, called the Copenhagen school, has been implemented: the theory of security complexes.
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