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Stosunki polsko-rumuńskie w latach 2009–2017. Wybrane problemy

100%
Kotulewicz-Wisińska K.
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
|
2018
|
vol. 23
141-157
EN
The article concerns selected problems in the bilateral cooperation between Poland and Romania in 2009–2017. The study attempts to identify the challenges these countries face and how they take action in this regard. The article presents the problem of political and economic cooperation between Poland and Romania in the examined period of time. Issues such as cooperation in the area of external security, energy security or cooperation within the framework of the Three Seas Initiative were discussed. It is important that the joint activities undertaken by Romania and Poland contribute to increasing the attractiveness of the region of Central and Eastern Europe.
2
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Sytuacja gospodarcza w Republice Mołdawii i jej determinanty w latach 2021–2022

100%
Kotulewicz-Wisińska K.
Nowa Polityka Wschodnia
|
2023
|
issue 4(39)
134-156
RU
В статье представлен процесс стабилизации экономики Республики Молдова в 2021–2022 гг. В этот период в Молдове возникли новые внутренние и внешние условия, которые повлияли на результаты, достигнутые молдавской экономикой. 2021 год вошел в экономическую историю этой страны как год, в котором был зафиксирован самый высокий рост ВВП на 13,9% по сравнению с предыдущим годом. В свою очередь, в 2022 году рост молдавского ВВП был отрицательным. Во многом это было связано с такими внешними факторами, как рост цен на энергоносители и вооруженная агрессия России против Украины. Эти факторы заставили молдавские власти адаптироваться к этим условиям. В статье предпринята попытка показать, как в 2021-2022 годах вышеуказанные факторы определяли ход экономической стабилизации в Республике Молдова, без учета Приднестровья.
EN
The article presents the process of stabilizing the economy in the republic of Moldova in the years 2021–2022. During this period, new internal and external conditions emerged in Moldova that affected the results achieved by the Moldovan economy. The year 2021 went down in the economic history of this country as the year in which the highest GDP growth of 13.9% was recorded compared to the previous year. In turn, in 2022, the growth of Moldovan GDP was negative. This was largely due to external factors such as the increase in energy prices and Russia’s armed aggression against Ukraine. These factors forced the Moldovan authorities to adapt to these conditions. The article attempts to show how in 2021-2022 the above-mentioned factors determined the course of economic stabilization in the Republic of Moldova, without taking into account the region of Transnistria.
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Rozwój innowacyjnych hubów energetycznych – panaceum na trudne czasy?

51%
Kotulewicz-Wisińska K., Gródek-Szostak Z., Dziura M.
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
|
2024
|
vol. 1(41)
63-88
EN
The Energy Hub concept can be defined as a central point where multiple energy carriers meet and the corresponding energy flows can be processed, conditioned, stored and ultimately distributed according to demand requirements in an optimal manner. The energy node modeling concept describes the relationship between input and output energy flows and can be used to optimize energy consumption during planning and operation. The hub can store surplus energy generated by photovoltaics for a long time and cover electricity and heat needs, even during periods of high demand or low renewable production. The research goal of the article is primarily to present the concept of innovation in the field of energy and to identify key energy hubs for the development of the modern economy, as also indicated by one of the authors of the innovation concept, Christensen, who treats distributed energy as the so-called a breakthrough innovation, i.e. one that will gradually replace the classic energy system from the market.
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