In this paper I analyze several contexts in which the phenomenon of fear appears in Roland Barthes’ thinking In the first place, I will point out that Fear (written in capital letter in L’Image) placed “at the origin of everything”, becomes the fundamental fear, inseparable from the human condition. After all, for The Pleasure of the Text Barthes chose as its epigraph a quote by Thomas Hobbes ‘The only true passion in my life has been fear’, before introducing the idea of the proximity (identity?) of bliss and fear. Secondly, I will show that when Barthes writes about fear, he often refers to Donald Woods Winnicott’s article The Fear of Breakdown. In conclusion, I will point to an ambivalent status of fear in Barthes’s analysis: its recognition and acceptance are accompanied by desire for itsdisappearance. Key words: Roland Barthes, Fear, Donald Woods Winnicott
The field of health care is an important element of the economic and social life of every country in the world combining demographic, economic and epidemiological, ethical and social challenges. Spending on the development of new therapies has been increasing over the past two decades, and the amount of drugs approved by regulatory agencies has remained stable. Literature does not provide adequate knowledge about the reasons of the productivity drop that impacts the competitive advantage of the companies taking part in the project’s race to the market (Schuhmacher et al., 2022), and it therefore seems crucial to analyse the factors determining high productivity of the pharmaceutical industry to adjust further actions ensuring the highest quality of health care systems, focusing on the wellbeing of the patient and the development of increasingly safer medicines. To address this need the author performed systematic literature review followed by structured interviews with 14 experts working globally in the field of drug development to determine productivity factors in drug discovery research and development projects, with the goal of answering questions related to which factors play a key role in the productivity of scientific organisations and the relationship between the factors, providing an insight into which parts of drug discovery ecosystem can increase a chance to address highly unmet medical needs of patients waiting for novel, safe and effective forms of treatment. As a result of the research 22 key productivity factors were defined and clustered into 4 categories: scientific, managerial, business, environmental and relations between the factors were discussed.
Artykuł skupia się na problemie stanu turystyki w Egipcie, po rewolucji w 2011 roku, czyli po tzw. Wiośnie Arabskiej. Na wstępie omówione zostały przyczyny i przebieg Arabskiej Wiosny, przedstawione zostało odmienne spojrzenie środowisk naukowych na problem rewolucji w Egipcie, oraz zmian z nią związanych. Zaprezentowano również dane Banku Światowego oraz Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics dotyczące wpływów z turystyki międzynarodowej, liczby turystów odwiedzających Egipt jak również dotyczące procentowego wzrostu bezrobocia na przełomie ostatnich kilku lat. Artykuł uzupełniony jest badaniami terenowymi, którymi objęte zostały osoby zatrudnione w sektorze turystycznym w Kairze, Hurghadzie, Sharm El Sheikh i Luksorze, na stanowiskach niższych niż menadżerskie. Respondenci reprezentują zatem tzw. przeciętnego pracownika – obywatela Egiptu, który ponosi konsekwencje takiej a nie innej sytuacji społeczno-politycznej. Badania prowadzono w latach 2014-2015.
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