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The Image of People and Property Security Personnel as Perceived by the Residents of Słupsk city

100%
Gierszewski J.
Security Dimensions: International & National Studies
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2018
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vol. 28(28)
35-50
EN
Security as a social category is realised intuitively (subjectively) and is not always subject to unambiguous (objective) assessments. The perception of various formations tasked with ensuring public security and order gives rise to extreme assessments, sparking numerous discussions on how to judge their functioning. In today’s world, it is hardly surprising that various services (including private services) operate in cities, ensuring the security of the residents. The aim of the article is to analyse the basic components which shape the social image of people and property security services in the public consciousness of the inhabitants of Słupsk – a medium-sized city in Poland . This has been researched on the basis of empirical surveys (questionnaires) diagnosing the assessment of the work and activities of security personnel. The research problem is the following question: What is the image of people and property security services in the system of security and public order, as perceived by the residents of Słupsk, a medium-sized Polish city? The quantitative research conducted for the purpose of this paper was carried out in the form of a diagnostic survey, and the technique applied were questionnaires.
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Personal Security within the Human Security Paradigm

100%
Gierszewski J.
Security Dimensions: International & National Studies
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2017
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vol. 23(23)
51-66
EN
This paper attempts to answer the question of for whom is security relevant, and whether security is a category which constitutes the point of reference to the idea of personal security. Until very recently, security was associated with threats originating from the political and military situation of the state, not individuals. The traditional system was based on the state-centric approach to security. The idea of human security, on the other hand, in contrast to the traditional system, expands the definition of security threats. Human security combines the security of individuals with that of the state. The article focuses on examining the relations between the security of the state the idea of human security. Analysing those relations allowed for the development of the term: personal security.
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Policja w systemie zapobiegania przemocy w rodzinie

100%
Gierszewski J.
Studia Politologiczne
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2019
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vol. 51
174-197
EN
Violence undermines an individual’s personal freedom, forces them to behave against their will, and thus endangers the life and health of the individual and of a social group such as the family. The right to protection against domestic violence is one of the duties of a state whose failure to act can be considered a violation of human rights. In fulfilling this obligation, Poland has established a system for preventing domestic violence. An important element is the Police, which was the first to implement the procedure of counteracting domestic violence called „Blue Card”. It happened already in 1998, when the Chief Police Officer issued an order, which specified the way in which police officers would perform their tasks related to preventing domestic violence, and also introduced Blue Card prints for official use. Then, on the basis of the aforementioned Act, the Regulation of the Council of Ministers of 13 September 2011 on the „Blue Card” procedure and on the model forms of the „Blue Card” was issued. The above mentioned legal acts impose on the Police certain tasks in the system of counteracting domestic violence. The paper is an attempt to answer the question: What role does the Police play in the system of preventing violence within the family?
4
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The Importance of the System Category in Security Studies

100%
Gierszewski J.
Historia i Polityka
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2023
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issue 44 (51)
55-72
EN
Using qualitative methods of source analysis and tracing the process of scientific discourse, an attempt was made to answer the research question: What is the relevance of the system category for security sciences? The study provides arguments in favour of confirming the author’s hypothesis that the category of system constitutes one of the universes of security sciences in terms of research object as well as methodology. In addition, the category is important for defining the identity of this scientific discipline.
5
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Model bezpieczeństwa społecznego na tle teorii systemów

100%
Gierszewski J.
Colloquium Wydziału Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych AMW
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2013
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issue 2
65-80
EN
Concepts of systems theory imply possibility of using universal theoretical framework for the different safety concepts. Systems theory can be one of the paradigms in organizing the discourse on security, which combines an interdisciplinary exploration of representatives of different disciplines. Development model of social security implies that the organizational structure of the form elements that minimize the social risks (defenses). The satisfaction of social needs and opportunities of life chances (quality of life) may be the measure of system security evaluation. Social security model assumes that the social system affect different types of threats. A systemic approach reflects the various theories and methodological approaches.
6
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Sub-Disciplines in Security Sciences: On the Need to Distinguish Them

100%
Gierszewski J.
Polish Political Science Yearbook
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2023
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issue 4(52)
191-206
EN
The article attempts to address the issue of the need to distinguish sub-disciplines in security sciences. A scientific discipline is a basic and lowest-order category within the classification system of individual fields of science. Security science in Poland has been classified as one of many disciplines in the field of social sciences. The problem was formulated as a question: based on which criteria can sub-disciplines be distinguished in the security sciences? The aim is to identify the basic sub-disciplines in security sciences and to propose a criterion for their distinction. Critical literature analysis and research design were adopted as the primary methods. There is no established criterion for the division into individual sub-disciplines in Poland. The author proposes to distinguish sub-disciplines based on the following criteria: theoretical, practical, types of institutions, and levels of organization of different security sectors. It is based on the assumption that security sciences require a clarification of the substantive scope within sub-disciplines through which the discipline’s identity can be built up, and research can be carried out as part of further scientific work.
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Theoretical Basics of Societal Security

63%
Gierszewski J., Piwowarski J.
Security Dimensions: International & National Studies
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2016
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vol. 18(18)
30-48
EN
Problems related to social security can be seen as a particular type of security in various aspects. In the literature of political science, economics, sociology or security studies there are different concepts of characterizing this category. The issue of social security is a complex and ambiguous, because this phenomenon is dynamic and depends on many factors. This work is an attempt to answer the question of what are the theoretical basis of social security on the basis of the security studies and whether it can enter the other, closely related to national security category concept, eg. social security of the nation. The reference point for discussion is the system of national security. Authors proposed a definition of societal security of the nation and pointed out the main elements characterizing this concept as an opposition to the social security, understood in terms of welfare state. The other rationale for the choice of topic is also a need to shape the way to solve scientific problems of modern science on the basis of security studies, including those related to operationalization of concepts and gaps in knowledge, which should focus on the search for representatives of this new scientific subdiscipline.
8
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Personal Security of the Officers of The Polish Prison Service

63%
Gierszewski J., Kwiatkowski A.
Security Dimensions: International & National Studies
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2021
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vol. 35(35)
102-122
EN
Objective and problem: The aim is to know the opinions of the Polish prison officers (security department) about personal security while on duty. The main question is: How do prison officers perceive their security while on duty? Methodology: The authors use literature analysis as well as the analysis of statistical data and of phenomena occurring in society. A diagnostic survey using the interview technique played an important role in the empirical part. The survey was conducted in 2020, in a group of 320 prison officers from various prison units, using the author’s questionnaire. Conclusions: The personal security of prison officers is about their perception of dangerous situations (threats) in the workplace. The issue is mainly concerned with emergency situations: physical hazards (e.g. damage to health), mental hazards (e.g. after a suicidal act is revealed) and legal protection (e.g. in case of slander). Results: Direct contact with prisoners makes the work of an officer of the Prison Service dangerous and stressful, but the officer has adequate professional preparation and technical means to repel the attack. The authors identified significant threats and dangerous places, as well as assessed the effectiveness of the measures aimed at boosting a prison guard’s safety.
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Public Security and Public Order – Conceptual and Institutional Scope

63%
Gierszewski J., Pieczywok A.
Polish Political Science Yearbook
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2021
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issue 2 (50)
63-76
EN
The publication aims to analyze public security and public order in conceptual and institutional terms as an analytical category of security sciences. The legislator defines neither public security nor public order. So far, they have been treated mainly as categories of administrative law. It is therefore important to assign them analytical content in the new scientific discipline. The research results allowed for the presentation of the thesis that public security and public order are mainly connected with protection against pathological phenomena occurring in the public space, which are minimized by institutions established to ensure it. These categories should constitute the research field (subject) of the security sciences. The research problem formulated in the form of the question: How are public security and public order treated in definitional and institutional terms? The problem was solved based on a critical analysis of the literature. The paper uses theoretical research methods, including analysis of literature and phenomena occurring in society and inference – as a cognitive factor of the subject of analysis. A critical analysis of the literature on this issue played a large role in the cognitive process.
10
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Assessment of the effectiveness of the security features of personal wireless networks

63%
Gierszewski J., Matuśkiewicz M. M.
Security and Defence Quarterly
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2020
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vol. 32
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issue 5
71-81
EN
Wireless network communication standards have become very common due to the huge benefits of their application. The use of radio waves to create networks has reduced infrastructure costs and increased the mobility of devices. The advantages of wireless communication (WLAN) also pose a challenge to the security of transmitted data. However, the use of a wireless signal poses certain threats to network security. The aim of the study was to analyse problems related to the security of WLAN 802.11. and assess its resistance to various attack strategies. It was assumed that wireless networks have an insufficient level of security. The assumed assumption is verifiable due to the ability to monitor events in networks. In order to verify the hypothesis, a number of experiments have been carried out in laboratory conditions, concerning the currently used WLAN protections from the IEEE 802.11 family of standards. The electromagnetic waves used for communication are available to the public at a distance of a few / several dozen metres from the communicating devices. It is easy to monitor air traffic using a network card that operates in monitor mode. The communication itself cannot be secured in any way, so data encryption is one way of secure transmission. During the research, the applied security features were successfully broken with the help of publicly available tools. The obtained results are distinguished by a high level of objectivity and reliability in the assessment of applied wireless network security. It was shown that there are still imperfections in the security and it is possible to break the security measures. The consequences of attacks are very serious and lead to a breach of each of the attributes of secure information. Practice has shown that it is impossible to create a wireless network that is fully secure. The findings of the study should be used to develop methods to improve information security, as well as to raise users’ awareness of existing threats. Not all users of wireless networks are aware of how easy some of the commonly used security features are to break.
11
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Assessment of the Training of Private Individuals and Non-commissioned Officers in the Reserve within the Academic Legion from the Perspective of the Students from Słupsk

63%
Gierszewski J., Rutkowski P.
Security Dimensions: International & National Studies
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2019
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vol. 30(30)
42-64
EN
This article presents the opinions of Pomeranian Academy students about military training organized as a part of the Academic Legion and their subjective view on this training and the perspective of working in the army. In the study, special attention was paid to the strengths and weaknesses of the first edition of the theoretical program carried out at the Pomeranian University and practical carried out at the training center in Ustka. An additional motive for undertaking the study was the exploration of the university environment, especially the attempt to determine the level of preparation of students to perform roles in the army, which allowed to examine the feelings and attitudes of students to the program of the Academic Legion and develop six recommendations for its change. The research problem is the question: How do students evaluate the program of the Academic Legion? Due to the lack of research in this area, no hypothesis was adopted. The research method was a diagnostic survey conducted using a survey technique using the author’s own questionnaire.
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The Challenges of Studying during the SARS-Cov-2 Pandemic

63%
Gierszewski J., Pieczywok A.
Security Dimensions: International & National Studies
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2020
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vol. 34(34)
22-44
EN
The subject of digitization of universities, online classes and courses, as well as studying via the Internet, has become very urgent and popular due to the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic. This forced the implementation or development of appropriate remote learning systems at all universities. There are many doubts and questions concerning not only the organisation of distance learning, but also the quality of verification of learning outcomes; availability of teaching materials; technical skills of students and teachers using ICT tools; access to training and equipment; financial, mental and psychological difficulties, etc. The aim of the article is to analyse the challenges faced by universities that have gone remote during pandemic. The article in its main part consists of three elements: theoretical insight into the problems of distance education, difficulties and challenges concerning the organization of remote studying in universities and the evaluation of students of distance classes. This is the empirical part of the work. The research covered the issues of education using the methods and techniques of distance learning during the coronavirus pandemic. The research was conducted using the diagnostic survey method, survey technique, using a questionnaire. In the second part of the analysis the data found were used.
13
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Perception of Apoliticism of the Police

51%
Gierszewski J., Piwowarski J., Pruchniak J.
Security Dimensions: International & National Studies
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2016
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vol. 19(19)
30-54
EN
The article aims to present considerations and attempts to answer the questions, what dimension – trust, loyalty, commitment and specific expectations or qualifications – influences the process of staffing authorities of the Police and what dependencies and relationships with other organizational processes constitute the basis of personal decisions in Ministry of Internal Affairs and Administration. The work presents partial results of surveys of areas associated with politicisation of the Police, especially at the management level, their reception and perception in terms of institutional efficiency of formation. Research was carried out by a survey (quantitative using paper standarised questionnaire) in two research groups: students and police officers, led to interesting results. Their presentation should be a supplement to subsequent disputes about apoliticism and human resources management in the Police. Peculiarly for further development of research on apoliticism of the Police and causes profound changes in post-election times in higher management staff of the Police, is the lack of such studies of this undoubtedly credible problem.
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