The current issues concerning healthcare institutions are generated by: aging of the population; the increase in prevalence of non-communicable diseases, even in low/medium income countries; the continuous increase of indirect costs generated by chronic diseases; the necessity of new- patient-specific oriented therapies; the need of translation of fundamental research into practice; need of applicability of prevention strategies; an important segment of the working population becomes inactive; migration of healthcare professionals. An essential condition for the sustainable development of any community is the health and the maintenance of the health of its population, and it is essential that the institutions involved in the process adapt to the constant change of the society: the medical academia not only develops health professionals, but conducts research, helps implementing healthcare programmes, develops future strategies, and influences the political systems; the hospitals need to adapt to growing populations; the communities should be involved in out-patient healthcare and prevention of diseases; governmental institutions adapt to the concept of sustainable development in various ways: funding fundamental research, applying nation-wide programmes for prevention and care, help of disadvantaged population, funding medical universities.
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