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Z orzecznictwa Trybunału Konstytucyjnego - Wybrane zagadnienia z zakresu problematyki rolnej w orzecznictwie Trybunału Konstytucyjnego w 2014 r.

100%
Kremer E.
Przegląd Prawa Rolnego
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2015
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issue 2 (17)
304-309
2
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O restrukturyzacji zadłużenia podmiotów prowadzących gospodarstwa rolne

100%
Kremer E.
Przegląd Prawa Rolnego
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2021
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issue 2(29)
247-264
IT
L’8 febbraio 2019 è entrata in vigore la legge del 9 novembre 2018 sulla ristrutturazione del debito nei confronti dei soggetti che conducono un’azienda agricola. L’atto contiene soluzioni specifiche che consentono di poter estinguere parzialmente il debito derivato dall’esercizio dell’attività agricola. Le soluzioni ivi contenute sono state proposte in quanto le passività scadute dei soggetti in questione nei confronti di banche e istituzioni finanziarie erano in aumento, mentre le possibilità di ristrutturare il debito grazie alla legge del 15 maggio 2015 “Prawo restrukturyzacyjne” (Legge sulla ristrutturazione) limitate. Il gruppo di soggetti legittimati ad avvalersi della ristrutturazione del debito, specificato nella legge del 9 novembre 2018, è stato definito per la prima volta in modo molto ampio in quanto comprendeva sia le persone fisiche, le persone giuridiche, sia le unità organizzative prive di personalità giuridica, ma dotate di capacità giuridica. Il gruppo comprendeva anche le piccole, medie e grandi imprese ai sensi dell’allegato I del regolamento (UE) n. 702/2014. La ristrutturazione può coprire i debiti di natura pecuniaria derivanti dall’esercizio dell’attività agricola svolto per almeno 3 anni da un soggetto che conduce un’azienda agricola, con la residenza o la sede nel territorio della Repubblica di Polonia, ed è insolvente o soggetto a rischio di insolvenza. Per contro, la ristrutturazione in oggetto effettuata ai sensi della legge del 9 novembre 2018 può assumere la forma giuridica di un aiuto pubblico che consiste nel concedere contributi al tasso d’interesse sul prestito, il prestito, o la garanzia del mutuo oppure l’istituto civilistico di rilevamento del debito a condizione che la proprietà di beni agricoli venga trasferita a favore del Tesoro di Stato. Pertanto, la ristrutturazione del debito effettuata sulla base della legge del 9 novembre 2018 non equivale a procedura di ristrutturazione condotta da un tribunale distrettuale - tribunale del commercio, come avviene ai sensi della legge del 15 maggio 2015 “Prawo restrukturyzacyjne” (Legge sulla ristrutturazione).
EN
On 8 February 2019, the Act of 9 November 2018 on restructuring debts of entities running agricultural holdings entered into force. This law contains special solutions enabling partial settlement of debts taken up in relation to their agricultural activities. The reason for the introduction of special solutions was the increase in outstanding liabilities of farm operators towards the banks and financial institutions and the limited possibilities of farmers to restructure their debts under the existing provisions of the Act of 15 May 2015 – Restructuring Law. This Act contains, for the first time, a broad definition of the entities entitled to benefit from debt restructuring. That definition includes natural persons, legal persons, and organisational units without legal personality but with legal capacity, as well as small, medium-sized and large enterprises within the meaning of Annex I to the Commission Regulation (EU) No 702/2014. Debts that may be subject to restructuring are debts of monetary nature incurred in connection with an at least 3-year agricultural activity conducted by a farm operator who resides in Poland or whose registered office in the territory of the Republic of Poland, who is insolvent or threatened with insolvency.
PL
Ustawa z 9 listopada 2018 r. o restrukturyzacji zadłużenia podmiotów prowadzących gospodarstwa rolne zawiera szczególne rozwiązania umożliwiające częściowe uregulowanie zadłużenia związanego z prowadzeniem działalności rolniczej. W związku z tym podjęto rozważania na temat nowych unormowań w zakresie restrukturyzacji zadłużenia podmiotów prowadzących gospodarstwa rolne i dokonano ich oceny. W konkluzji stwierdzono, że rozwiązania przyjęte w tej ustawie mają charakter szczególny, gdyż adresowane są jedynie do określonego kręgu podmiotów (podmiotów prowadzących gospodarstwo rolne) i nie dotyczą wszystkich długów, tylko długów pieniężnych powstałych w związku z prowadzeniem tego gospodarstwa. Z tego względu wykazują pewne podobieństwo do regulacji prawnych z okresu międzywojennego. Z kolei restrukturyzacja zadłużenia przewidziana w analizowanej ustawie występuje w innych formach niż postępowania restrukturyzacyjne prowadzone przez sąd rejonowy – wydział gospodarczy, określone w ustawie z 15 maja 2015 r. – Prawo restrukturyzacyjne.
3
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Permission of the President of the Agricultural Property Agency as a Condition for Acquisition of Agricultural Property

100%
Kremer E.
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
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2017
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vol. 26
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issue 1
EN
In view of more stringent restrictions on the acquisition of agricultural property, including the basic principle according to which the purchaser of agricultural property can only be an individual farmer and legally binding exceptions to that rule have a very limited scope, the possibility of acquiring the agricultural property with the permission of the Agency’s President in many cases is the only viable way. Therefore, the stringency of the accepted solutions concerning the acquisition of agricultural property was, at the same time, the reason for introducing the solution which would mitigate this stringency. However, the particular solutions concerning the permission of the Agency’s President to acquire agricultural property may raise a number of doubts. They concern, in particular, statutory prerequisites for obtaining such permission.
PL
Wobec wprowadzonych rygorystycznych ograniczeń dotyczących nabywania nieruchomości rolnych – w tym podstawowej zasady, zgodnie z którą nabywcą nieruchomości rolnej może być wyłącznie rolnik indywidualny, a ustawowe wyjątki od tej zasady mają bardzo ograniczony zakres – możliwość nabycia nieruchomości rolnej za zgodą Prezesa Agencji Nieruchomości Rolnych stanowi w wielu przypadkach jedyną możliwą drogę. Rygoryzm przyjętych rozwiązań w zakresie nabywania nieruchomości rolnych stanowił tym samym przyczynę wprowadzenia rozwiązania, które ma ten rygoryzm nieco łagodzić. Natomiast wiele wątpliwości mogą budzić poszczególne rozwiązania dotyczące uzyskania zgody Prezesa ANR na nabycie nieruchomości rolnej. Szczególnie dotyczą one przesłanek ustawowych, od spełnienia których zależy, czy taka zgoda zostanie wydana.
4
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Obrót nieruchomościami z udziałem małżonków

100%
Kremer E.
Studia Iuridica Agraria
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2011
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vol. 9
157-171
EN
This paper concerns the problem of the real estate transactions in which spouses are involved. Therefore, in the first place the laws that govern marital property systems are examined in order to investigate how the fact of marriage and the choice of a given marital property system influences the legal situation of spouses. The analysis leads to a conclusion that the legal situation of spouses is determined not so much by the very fact of marriage as by the marital property system that is binding in a given case. Spouses may structure their property relationship in such a way that they retain full independence in taking legal actions concerning the disposal, charging, or acquisition of real estates. However, at the same time there appear special legal regulations that refer to various public law issues, e.g. diverse forms of support within the Common Agricultural Policy. In these regulations the legal situation of spouses is created in a different way, because the very fact of being married becomes a decisive factor, regardless of the marital property system adopted by the spouses.
5
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Nowe rozwiązania dotyczące podziału gospodarstw rolnych

100%
Kremer E.
Przegląd Prawa Rolnego
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2015
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issue 2 (17)
25-43
EN
The new Act of 5 August 2015 on the Shaping of the Agricultural Regime, while leaving intact the existing instruments available so far, has introduced some new solutions regarding, among other things, the permissibility of dividing agricultural holdings. Three basic issues have been thus analysed: (i) determination of the scope of the subject of the regulation applicable to the division of agricultural holdings, (ii) the assessment of the adopted catalogue of premises permitting division of an agricultural holding, and (iii) a pos-sibility of determining, using the existing regulations, whether an intended transfer of an agricultural holding will be compatible with the principles governing the permissibility of a division of a holding. In the concluding remarks it is noted that the new regulation is not free from defects and will result, inter alia, in far reaching restrictions of the trading in agricultural land.
6
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Orzecznictwo Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego w sprawach dotyczących stosunków rolnych

63%
Kremer E.
Przegląd Prawa Rolnego
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2012
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issue 1(10)
291-305
7
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Orzecznictwo Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego w sprawach dotyczących stosunków rolnych w 2012 r.

63%
Kremer E.
Przegląd Prawa Rolnego
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2013
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issue 1(12)
245-256
8
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Problematyka rolna w orzecznictwie Trybunału Konstytucyjnego w 2011 r.

50%
Kremer E.
Przegląd Prawa Rolnego
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2012
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issue 1(10)
285-287
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