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PL
The article is devoted to two literary masterpieces, which are as follows: a shortstory of the classic Alexander Kuprin and a novel of the modern writer BorisAkunin. The piece of work by Akunin The Diamond Chariot is considered in thecontext of intertextual ties with the short story by Kuprin Staff Captain Rybnikov.The Intertextual ties with the pretext are revealed at many layers of The Diamondchariot. They are connected with the character of the Japanese spy, whoacts in the both works under the name Vasiliy Rybnikov. Besides in the novel byAkunin we observe similarities of scenes and situations as well as treatment ofvarious types of arts, which is typical of the Kuprin’s prose, in particular in theshort story Staff Captain Rybnikov.
RU
The article deals with two fairy-tale motives – “youth” and “old age” in Mikhail Osor-gin’s novel A Quiet Street (Sivtzev Vrazhek, 1928). Owing to the author’s outlook and artistic strategy they do not stand in the opposition to one another, but rather depict parallel vectors of human life, its presentation the context of space (micro and macro space) as well as in the context of a philosophically meaningful historical time correlated with eternity. The author’s aim is supported by the novel’s structure – a freely arranged series of short stories. The article exposes the problem of the writer’s comprehension of human life within different time and spatial plans. The time layer covers daily, annual and eternal / universal time. The spatial dimension of the artistic world takes into account the Infinite Universe, the solar system, the Earth, Russia, Moscow and the corner house in Sivtzev Vrazhek, which is the main center of the novel structure.
Porównania
|
2013
|
vol. 12
163-175
EN
The famous Ukrainian writer Ivan Franko (1856–1916) paid much attention to the presentation of the oil industry in Boryslav in his rich and varied creative works. He presented his vision of “Galician California” in short stories (cycle Boryslav, 1877), as well as thematically connected novels Boa constrictor (1879) and Boryslav laughs (1882). These literary works are an artistic unity of theme, characters, form of creation and symbolism of space. As Florian Nieuważny had rightly noticed, Franko as the first had brought the theme of working people to Ukrainian and even east-Slavonic literature which he depicted in a realistic convention taking into consideration forms of artistic conditionality. His experience of Boryslav’s continuum with its social stratification is connected with the experience of a “crossroad” of different national and cultural discourses in above mentioned literary works. 
PL
Wybitny pisarz ukraiński Iwan Franko (1856–1916) w swojej bogatej i różnorodnej twórczości wiele miejsca poświęcił prezentacji borysławskiego zagłębia naftowego. Swoją wizję „Kalifornii galicyjskiej” przedstawiał zarówno w małych formach prozatorskich (cykl opowiadań Borysław, 1877), jak i tematycznie z nim związanych powieściach Boa constrictor (1879) i Borysław się śmieje (1882). Utwory te stanowią pewną całość artystyczną ze względu na podjęty temat, powtarzające się postaci i sposób ich kreacji oraz symbolikę przestrzeni. Jak słusznie zauważył Florian Nieuważny, Franko jako pierwszy wprowadził do literatury ukraińskiej, a nawet wschodniosłowiańskiej tematykę robotniczą, którą ujmował w konwencji realistycznej, sięgając jednocześnie po formy artystycznej umowności. Doświadczenie przestrzeni borysławskiego zagłębia naftowego, z jego rozwarstwieniem społecznym, wiąże się w wymienionych utworach z doświadczeniem przecięcia się różnych dyskursów narodowych i kulturowych.
EN
The paper takes up the problem of the genre of Maxim Gorky’s novel/novella The Life of Matvei Kozhemyakin (1911). The author of the article finds the discussed work synthetic in terms of genre, indicating features of various genres (annals, saga, autobiography, several varieties of the novel, including historical, social, and family novel) which form in it a harmonious artistic whole. Following the interpretations of Jerzy Lenarczyk, Ivo Pospíšil and other scholars, the author of the article puts forward the family saga as the predominating generic component and emphasizes that “the family idea” (mysl semeinaia) influenced many of Gorky’s works and shaped their generic structure.
RU
В статье рассматривается проблема жанра повести/романа Максима Горького Жизнь Матвея Кожемякина (1911). Автор статьи считает жанр повести синтетическим, ибо в произведении обнаруживаются черты многих жанров, составивших единое художественное целое. В нeм можно отыскать родство с древними летописями/сказаниями, с дневником, а также с несколькими романными разновидностями: с историческим, общественно-бытовым и семейным романами. Вслед за Ежи Ленарчиком, Иво Поспишилом и др. исследователями, автор статьи считает жанровой доминантой произведения семейную хронику, так как во многих горьковских произведениях важное место занимала «семейная мысль», требующая соответствующего ей жанрового оформления.
PL
Etos piękna w twórczości artystycznej Aleksandra Kuprina
PL
Niniejszy tekst zawiera przemyślenia na temat współczesnego kryzysu literatury i literaturoznawstwa. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na spadek społecznego zainteresowania literaturą, a co za tym idzie, obniżenie rangi literaturoznawstwa jako dyscypliny naukowej. Powołując się na prace rosyjskich i zagranicznych badaczy wskazano przyczyny kryzysu literaturocentryzmu oraz poddano analizie próby przezwyciężania patowej sytuacji.
RU
Предмет настоящей статьи составляет рефлексия по поводу современного кризисного состояния института литературы и тесно с ней связанной научной дисциплины – литературоведения. Особое внимание уделяется сегодняшнему понижению интереса к литературе и литературоведению. Ссылаясь на работы российских и зарубежных исследователей, автор указывает на причины кризиса „литературоцентризма”, а также анализирует попытки противостояния патовому положению.
EN
The paper reflects upon the contemporary crisis situation in literature as an institution and in Literary Studies as a discipline closely related to it. Special emphasis is made upon a dramatic decline in a taste for literature and Literary Studies. Referring to Russian and foreign scholars, the author states the reasons why literature no longer remains a central agency of acculturation and reality production. Along with it, she analyzes attempts to break the aforesaid stalemate.
PL
John Amos Comenius (1592-1670) expressed great respect and care towards every human being. No wonder that the first chapter of his Great Didac-tic comes under the title: “Man is the Highest the most absolute, and the most ex-cellent of things created”. His interpretation was based on conviction that man has specific qualities that allow him to pursue laudable goals, if he does not ne-glect his abilities. Human dignity is one of human qualities Comenius strove for throughout his life, taking down his reflections to paper.
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